Evaluation of Indoor Radon Activity Concentrations and Controls in Dwellings Surrounding the Gold Mine Tailings in Gauteng Province of South Africa.

Radon in dwellings is recognized as the primary source of natural radiation exposure to members of the public. In the West Rand District and Soweto in the Gauteng Province (South Africa), indoor radon (Rn) mapping was carried out to assess the exposure levels of radon in dwellings around gold and uranium mining tailings dams. This study was conducted predominately during warm and cold seasons, using the solid-state nuclear track detectors.

National diagnostic reference level initiative for computed tomography examinations in Kenya.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the computed tomography (CT) examination frequency, patient radiation exposure, effective doses and national diagnostic reference levels (NDRLs) associated with CT examinations in clinical practice. A structured questionnaire-type form was developed for recording examination frequency, scanning protocols and patient radiation exposure during CT procedures in fully equipped medical facilities across the country. The national annual number of CT examinations per 1000 people was estimated to be 3 procedures.

Patient radiation exposure during general fluoroscopy examinations.

The purpose of this study was to assess the level of patient radiation dose received in general fluoroscopy examinations, compare the findings with the international diagnostic reference levels (IDRLs), and establish the initial institutional (local) LDRLs. A comprehensive survey was conducted for general fluoroscopy examinations using the medical records of a Radiology Department of a leading regional hospital over a period close to one year. The cumulative reference point air kerma (K(a,r)), kerma area product (KAP) and fluoroscopy time (FT) were recorded for six hundred and fifty (30% pediatric and 70% adult) patients undergoing routine fluoroscopy examinations using X-ray equipment with built-in integrated dose measuring system.

Frequency and collective dose of medical procedures in Kenya.

The first comprehensive national survey on frequency and radiation dose imparted to the population from radiological procedures was carried out in Kenya and reported here. This survey involved assessment of frequency, typical patient radiation exposure, and collective effective dose from general radiography, fluoroscopy, interventional procedures (IPs), mammography, and computed tomography. About 300 x-ray facilities across the country were invited to participate in the survey, and a 31% response was recorded.

Establishment of local diagnostic reference levels in paediatric screen-film radiography at a children's hospital.

To assess the frequency of examination, image quality (IQ) and establishment of local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs) in paediatric radiographic examinations. The X-ray device performance, film reject rate and IQ grading were assessed at Radiology Department of a referral and teaching children's hospital in Kenya. A questionnaire method was developed and used in recording the exposure factors used to indirectly calculate patient doses.