Angiogenesis in Endocrine Neoplasms.

Angiogenesis promotes the growth of tumors, because it both facilitates oxygenation and nutrient flow, and removes metabolic waste. During the past two decades, as the importance of tumor vascularity became recognized, angiogenesis and the relationship between blood vessels and tumor progression received increasing attention. It was found that isolated tumor tissues failed to expand beyond few millimeters unless vascularized, whereupon vascularization they exhibited a rapid growth.

[Pharyngeal defects and their optimal treatment with musculocutaneous flaps].

A musculocutaneous flap is according to data in the literature and the author's own experience the best solution for covering large defects after extensive operations on the neck. As compared with skin flaps, in particular tubular ones, a musculocutaneous flap has a better vitality and small percentage of complications (necrosis, fistula, stenosis). Its use substantially reduces the postoperative course and period of treatment.