Xenotransplantation: future frontiers and challenges.

Purpose Of Review: Recent advancements in genetic engineering have propelled the field of xenotransplantation from preclinical models to early compassionate use cases. As first-in-human clinical trials (FIHCTs) approach, we examine recent developments, ethical and regulatory challenges, immunological considerations, and the clinical infrastructure necessary for successful xenotransplantation trials.

Recent Findings: Expanded access transplants of pig hearts, kidneys, and livers have identified key challenges.

Clinical Outcomes and Donor-specific Antibody Rebound 5 y After Kidney Transplant Enabled by Imlifidase Desensitization.

Background: Imlifidase is an IgG-cleaving endopeptidase conditionally approved in Europe for desensitization of highly sensitized patients before kidney transplantation. We present 5-y outcomes and donor-specific antibody (DSA) levels for clinical trial participants from a single site who received imlifidase for desensitization before incompatible transplantation (NCT02790437).

Methods: Imlifidase was administered up to 24 h before living or deceased donor kidney transplantation.

Second Time Around: Increased Rate of Living Donation From Repeat Organ Donors.

Introduction: Some living organ donors will decide to donate again at a later date. Evidence has indicated that this practice may have increased in recent years. We evaluated the incidence and outcomes of this practice to inform counseling of potential repeat donors.

Evaluating Large Language Models in extracting cognitive exam dates and scores.

Ensuring reliability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in clinical tasks is crucial. Our study assesses two state-of-the-art LLMs (ChatGPT and LlaMA-2) for extracting clinical information, focusing on cognitive tests like MMSE and CDR. Our data consisted of 135,307 clinical notes (Jan 12th, 2010 to May 24th, 2023) mentioning MMSE, CDR, or MoCA.

Prophylactic 2-week Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir in Hepatitis C positive to negative kidney transplantation.

Background And Hypothesis: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive-to-negative kidney transplants (KT) require direct acting antiviral therapy, but the optimal timing and duration remain unclear. We hypothesized that 14-day prophylactic course of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir 300/120 mg (GLE/PIB) would be safe and effective at treating donor-derived HCV viremia.

Methods: This was a prospective, single-center, single-arm, open-label pilot study.