Prolactin and Heat Stress; focus on Domestic Ruminants.

Prolactin has traditionally been associated with milk production, but recent studies identify prolactin as having many other functions. These include a role in pelage growth, sweating, immune function, metabolism and water/electrolyte balance. A signature of HS is a rise in prolactin concentrations so the question arises as to whether this hormone has a particular function in relation to response to or mitigation of HS.

Zoonotic and other veterinary chlamydiae - an update, the role of the plasmid and plasmid-mediated transformation.

The obligate intracellular bacterial genus Chlamydia harbours species with zoonotic potential, particularly C. psittaci, causative agent of psittacosis, and C. abortus, which may lead to miscarriage in pregnant women.

Patient and public involvement in the design of an international clinical trial: real world experience.

Background: The value of patient and public involvement (PPI) during the earliest stages of clinical trial development, and prior to the award of substantive funding, is widely recognised. However, it is often under-resourced and PPI processes during this phase are rarely reported in detail. Having benefitted from seed funding to develop an international clinical trial proposal, we sought to describe and appraise PPI activities and processes that support pre-award co-development.

The Structure of : Exploring the Capsid Diversity of the .

(SpV4) is a bacteriophage of the , which packages circular ssDNA within non-enveloped T = 1 icosahedral capsids. It infects spiroplasmas, which are known pathogens of honeybees. Here, the structure of the SpV4 virion is determined using cryo-electron microscopy to a resolution of 2.