Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer: updates and best practices for multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) image analysis and data sharing.

Objectives: Multiplex immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence (mIHC/IF) are emerging technologies that can be used to help define complex immunophenotypes in tissue, quantify immune cell subsets, and assess the spatial arrangement of marker expression. mIHC/IF assays require concerted efforts to optimize and validate the multiplex staining protocols prior to their application on slides. The best practice guidelines for staining and validation of mIHC/IF assays across platforms were previously published by this task force.

Novel Spatial Approaches to Dissect the Lung Cancer Immune Microenvironment.

Lung cancer is a deadly disease with the highest rates of mortality. Over recent decades, a better understanding of the biological mechanisms implicated in its pathogenesis has led to the development of targeted therapies and immunotherapy, resulting in improvements in patient outcomes. To better understand lung cancer tumor biology and advance towards precision oncology, a comprehensive tumor profile is necessary.

Comparison of imaging-based single-cell resolution spatial transcriptomics profiling platforms using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples.

Imaging-based spatial transcriptomics (ST) is evolving rapidly as a pivotal technology in studying the biology of tumors and their associated microenvironments. However, the strengths of the commercially available ST platforms in studying spatial biology have not been systematically evaluated using rigorously controlled experiments. In this study, we used serial 5-m sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma and pleural mesothelioma tumor samples in tissue microarrays to compare the performance of the single cell ST platforms CosMx, MERFISH, and Xenium (uni/multi-modal) platforms in reference to bulk RNA sequencing, multiplex immunofluorescence, GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler, and hematoxylin and eosin staining data for the same samples.

Differentiating Separate Primary Lung Adenocarcinomas From Intrapulmonary Metastases With Emphasis on Pathological and Molecular Considerations: Recommendations From the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Pathology Committee.

Introduction: With the implementation of low-dose computed tomography screening, multiple pulmonary tumor nodules are diagnosed with increasing frequency and the selection of surgical treatments versus systemic therapies has become challenging on a daily basis in clinical practice. In the presence of multiple carcinomas, especially adenocarcinomas, pathologically determined to be of pulmonary origin, the distinction between separate primary lung carcinomas (SPLCs) and intrapulmonary metastases (IPMs) is important for staging, management, and prognostication.

Methods: We systemically reviewed various means that aid in the differentiation between SPLCs and IPMs explored by histopathologic evaluation and molecular profiling, the latter includes DNA microsatellite analysis, array comparative genomic hybridization, TP53 and oncogenic driver mutation testing and, more recently, with promising effectiveness, next-generation sequencing comprising small- or large-scale multi-gene panels.