Tumor-Promoted Changes in Pediatric Brain Histology Can Be Distinguished from Normal Parenchyma by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging.

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the second most frequent type of neoplasm in childhood and adolescence, after leukemia. Despite the incorporation of molecular classification and improvement of protocols combining chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy, CNS tumors are still the most lethal neoplasm in this age group. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful tool to map the distribution of molecular species in tissue sections.

Measuring the bending rigidity of microbial glucolipid (biosurfactant) bioamphiphile self-assembled structures by neutron spin-echo (NSE): Interdigitated vesicles, lamellae and fibers.

Bending rigidity, k, is classically measured for lipid membranes to characterize their nanoscale mechanical properties as a function of composition. Widely employed as a comparative tool, it helps understanding the relationship between the lipid's molecular structure and the elastic properties of its corresponding bilayer. Widely measured for phospholipid membranes in the shape of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), bending rigidity is determined here for three self-assembled structures formed by a new biobased glucolipid bioamphiphile, rather associated to the family of glycolipid biosurfactants than phospholipids.

Confined bicontinuous microemulsions: nanoscale dynamics of the surfactant film.

A confined bicontinuous CE-DO--octane microemulsion is studied using neutron spin echo spectroscopy (NSE). Controlled pore glasses serve as confining matrices with pore diameters ranging from 24 to 112 nm. Firstly, the microemulsion in bulk is investigated by NSE and dynamic light scattering, which allows the determination of the unperturbed collective dynamics as well as the observation of the undulation of the surfactant film.

Speech-related parameters are sensitive measures of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor therapy in mild Alzheimer's disease.

Our aim was to find out whether speech-related temporal parameters (SRTPs) are sensitive indicators of the clinical outcome in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor therapy with donepezil, compared to the standard cognitive Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) used in clinical trials. In this 24-week-long, naturalistic, self-control, open-labeled, prospective pilot study with 10 mg donepezil on 20 mild AD patients, cognitive functions were evaluated using 15 different SRTPs analyzed by automatic speech recognition in the Speech-Gap Test® compared to ADAS-Cog test results. Among the SRTPs, the filled pause duration ratio significantly improved after 12 weeks of donepezil treatment.