Effects of Motor Learning on Corticospinal Tract Excitability During Motor Imagery.

We aimed to examine the effects of motor performance improvements produced by practice on corticospinal tract excitability during motor imagery (MI) of identical movements. Participants performed a motor task with no guidelines displayed on the monitor (performance test); the participants only imagined performing the task without performing the movement (MI test), and the participants performed the power output and then adjusted it (exercise). The output force conditions were 20, 40, and 60% of the maximum voluntary contraction, and the objective was for 21 participants to learn each output force condition.

Minimally good life and the human right to health.

In Global Health Impact: Extending Access to Essential Medicines, Nicole Hassoun argues that the concept of a minimally good life grounds the human right to health, which in turn implies the human right to access essential medicines in developing countries. This article argues that Hassoun's argument must be revised. If the temporal unit of a minimally good life is identified, her argument faces a substantive problem, which undermines an important part of her argument.

Pandemic preparedness and response: beyond the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator.

Nationalism has trumped solidarity, resulting in unnecessary loss of life and inequitable access to vaccines and therapeutics. Existing intellectual property (IP) regimens, trade secrets and data rights, under which pharmaceutical firms operate, have also posed obstacles to increasing manufacturing capacity, and ensuring adequate supply, affordable pricing, and equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines and other health products in low-income and middle- income countries. We propose: (1) Implementing alternative incentive and funding mechanisms to develop new scientific innovations to address infectious diseases with pandemic potential; (2) Voluntary and involuntary initiatives to overcome IP barriers including pooling IP, sharing data and vesting licences for resulting products in a globally agreed entity; (3) Transparent and accountable collective procurement to enable equitable distribution; (4) Investments in regionally distributed research and development (R&D) capacity and manufacturing, basic health systems to expand equitable access to essential health technologies, and non-discriminatory national distribution; (5) Commitment to strengthen national (and regional) initiatives in the areas of health system development, health research, drug and vaccine manufacturing and regulatory oversight and (6) Good governance of the pandemic prevention, preparedness and response accord.

U-Net-Based Segmentation of Microscopic Images of Colorants and Simplification of Labeling in the Learning Process.

Colored product textures correspond to particle size distributions. The microscopic images of colorants must be divided into regions to determine the particle size distribution. The conventional method used for this process involves manually dividing images into areas, which may be inefficient.