Does injection of botulinum toxin to salivary glands require ultrasound guidance?

Introduction: Injection of botulinum toxin into salivary glands is a well-established treatment for sialorrhea in children, but the absolute need for radiological guidance has not been tested.

Methods: Single-centre study in which clinicians of varying seniority attempted blind injection of salivary glands, after which their position within or outside the gland was confirmed by ultrasound guidance before the injection is administered.

Results: 117 patients underwent botulinum toxin of salivary glands between November 2008 and August 2023, with 459 glands injected in total.

Structure-Activity Relationship of Antibody-Oligonucleotide Conjugates: Evaluating Bioconjugation Strategies for Antibody-Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomer Conjugates for Drug Development.

Antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates (AOCs) are promising treatments for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). They work via induction of exon skipping and restoration of dystrophin protein in skeletal and heart muscles. The structure-activity relationships (SARs) of AOCs comprising antibody-phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) depend on several aspects of their component parts.

NIPT for adult-onset conditions: Australian NIPT users' views.

Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has become widely available in recent years. While initially used to screen for trisomies 21, 18, and 13, the test has expanded to include a range of other conditions and will likely expand further. This paper addresses the ethical issues that arise from one particularly controversial potential use of NIPT: screening for adult-onset conditions (AOCs).

Neurosensory, cognitive and academic outcomes at 8 years in children born 22-23 weeks' gestation compared with more mature births.

Unlabelled: Despite providing intensive care to more infants born <24 weeks' gestation, data on school-age outcomes, critical for counselling and decision-making, are sparse.

Objective: To compare major neurosensory, cognitive and academic impairment among school-aged children born extremely preterm at 22-23 weeks' gestation (EP22-23) with those born 24-25 weeks (EP24-25), 26-27 weeks (EP26-27) and term (≥37 weeks).

Design: Three prospective longitudinal cohorts.