Twice-Daily Dolutegravir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy With 1 Month of Daily Rifapentine and Isoniazid for Tuberculosis Prevention.

Background: One month of daily rifapentine + isoniazid (1HP) is an effective, ultrashort option for tuberculosis prevention in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, rifapentine may decrease antiretroviral drug concentrations and increase the risk of virologic failure. AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5372 evaluated the effect of 1HP on the pharmacokinetics of twice-daily dolutegravir.

Use of predicted vital status to improve survival analysis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cohorts.

Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cohorts often lack long-term survival data, and are summarized instead by initial treatment outcomes. When using Cox proportional hazards models to analyze these cohorts, this leads to censoring subjects at the time of the initial treatment outcome, instead of them providing full survival data. This may violate the non-informative censoring assumption of the model and may produce biased effect estimates.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment failure detection depends on monitoring interval and microbiological method.

Debate persists about monitoring method (culture or smear) and interval (monthly or less frequently) during treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). We analysed existing data and estimated the effect of monitoring strategies on timing of failure detection.We identified studies reporting microbiological response to MDR-TB treatment and solicited individual patient data from authors.

Aggressive Regimens Reduce Risk of Recurrence After Successful Treatment of MDR-TB.

Background: We sought to determine whether treatment with a "long aggressive regimen" was associated with lower rates of relapse among patients successfully treated for pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Tomsk, Russia.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients that initiated MDR-TB treatment with individualized regimens between September 2000 and November 2004, and were successfully treated. Patients were classified as having received "aggressive regimens" if their intensive phase consisted of at least 5 likely effective drugs (including a second-line injectable and a fluoroquinolone) used for at least 6 months post culture conversion, and their continuation phase included at least 4 likely effective drugs.

Low rates of recurrence after successful treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Tomsk, Russia.

Setting: Tomsk, Russia, where multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is prevalent.

Objectives: To report rates of recurrence following successful treatment of MDR-TB in a program providing individualized treatment regimens designed according to the current global standard of care.

Design: A retrospective cohort study of 408 adults successfully treated for pulmonary MDR-TB from 10 September 2000 to 1 November 2004, and followed for up to 6 years post-treatment.