Novel automated method to assess group dynamics reveals deficits in behavioral contagion in rats with social deficits.

Behavioral copying is a key process in group actions, but it is challenging for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We investigated behavioral contagion, or instinctual replication of behaviors, in Krushinky-Molodkina (KM) rats ( = 16), a new potential rodent model for ASD, compared to control Wistar rats ( = 15). A randomly chosen healthy Wistar male ("demonstrator rat") was introduced to the homecage of experimental rats ("observers") 10-14 days before the experiments to become a member of the group.

Pulse Shape Effects in Electrocaloric Cooling.

We report on the solution of the heat equation, which describes the electrocaloric effect in a ferroelectric layer. The dependence of the heat flux at the layer interface and the thermodynamic efficiency on the shape and frequency of the applied pulse is investigated. According to the calculations, the dependence of the efficiency on the frequency for a rectangular and sinusoidal pulse has a markedly different character.

[The efficacy of endoscopic endosonography in diagnosis of benign and malignant stenoses of common bile duct].

Aim: To define criteria and to estimate diagnostic significance of endosonography in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant stenoses of common bile duct.

Material And Methods: We presented the results of survey and treatment of 57 patients with benign and malignant stenoses of common bile duct. The technique of endosonography is described.

[Endosonography in the T-staging of pancreatic cancer].

Pancreatic cancer is the sixth among all oncologic diseases and takes the 4th place on cancer mortality in the world. Pancreatic cancer has poor prognosis. Survival for the 5 years after diagnosis is less than 5%.

Modeling of efficient solid-state cooler on layered multiferroics.

We have developed theoretical foundations for the design and optimization of a solid-state cooler working through caloric and multicaloric effects. This approach is based on the careful consideration of the thermodynamics of a layered multiferroic system. The main section of the paper is devoted to the derivation and solution of the heat conduction equation for multiferroic materials.