Publications by authors named "I G Schulman"
Key Points: The rate of prescription of opioid medication decreased between 2011 and 2020 for patients with ESRD. The risk of death for dialysis and kidney transplant patients increased as morphine milligram equivalents in prescriptions increased.
Background: Pain is important for patients with kidney failure, but opioid medication prescriptions are associated with morbidity and mortality.
Liver x receptor alpha (LXRα, Nr1h3) functions as an important intracellular cholesterol sensor that regulates fat and cholesterol metabolism at the transcriptional level in response to the direct binding of cholesterol derivatives. We have generated mice with a mutation in LXRα that reduces activity in response to endogenous cholesterol derived LXR ligands while still allowing transcriptional activation by synthetic agonists. The mutant LXRα functions as a dominant negative that shuts down cholesterol sensing.
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- The study looked at how many people got End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) over the last 40 years, focusing on Black and White Americans of different ages.
- It found that the number of cases went up for teenagers, adults, and older people, but the increase slowed down after 1993, and by 2006, most age groups saw a drop except for White adults.
- By 2019, ESKD rates for Black and White teens were almost back to levels from 1980, but Black patients had higher rates than White patients in every age group, showing the need to address health care and treatment differences.