Synovial fluid mitochondrial DNA concentration reflects the degree of cartilage damage after naturally occurring articular injury.

Objective: To evaluate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release from injured chondrocytes and investigate the utility of synovial fluid mtDNA concentration in early detection of posttraumatic osteoarthritis.

Method: We measured mtDNA release using four models of osteoarthritis: in vitro interleukin-1β stimulation of cultured equine chondrocytes, ex vivo mechanical impact of bovine cartilage explants, in vivo mechanical impact of equine articular cartilage, and naturally occurring equine intraarticular fracture. In our in vivo model, one group was treated with an intraarticular injection of the mitoprotective peptide SS-31 following cartilage injury.

Injectable in situ forming hydrogels incorporating dual-nanoparticles for chemo-photothermal therapy of breast cancer cells.

Chemo-photothermal therapy (chemo-PTT) mediated by nanomaterials holds a great potential for cancer treatment. However, the tumor uptake of the systemically administered nanomaterials was recently found to be below 1%. To address this limitation, the development of injectable tridimensional polymeric matrices capable of delivering nanomaterials directly into the tumor site appears to be a promising approach.

The importance of spheroids in analyzing nanomedicine efficacy.

The use of nanomedicines for cancer treatment holds a great potential due to their improved efficacy and safety. During the nanomedicine preclinical evaluation stage, these are mainly tested on cell culture monolayers. However, these 2D models are an unrealistic representation of the tumors, leading to an inaccurate screening of the candidate formulations.

Standardization of a protocol for shotgun proteomic analysis of saliva.

Introduction: Saliva contains numerous proteins and peptides, each of them carries a number of biological functions that are very important in maintaining the oral cavity health and also yields information about both local and systemic diseases. Currently, proteomic analysis is the basis for large-scale identification of these proteins and discovery of new biomarkers for distinct diseases.

Objective: This study compared methodologies to extract salivary proteins for proteomic analysis.

Liver Proteome of Mice with Distinct Genetic Susceptibilities to Fluorosis Treated with Different Concentrations of F in the Drinking Water.

Appropriate doses of fluoride (F) have therapeutic action against dental caries, but higher levels can cause disturbances in soft and mineralized tissues. Interestingly, the susceptibility to the toxic effects of F is genetically determined. This study evaluated the effects of F on the liver proteome of mice susceptible (A/J) or resistant (129P3/J) to the effects of F.