Pediatric Pulmonary Milestones 2.0: Development, Lessons Learned, and Future Directions.

Pediatric pulmonology fellowship training programs are required by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education to report Pediatric Subspecialty Milestones biannually to track fellow progress. However, several issues, such as lack of subspecialty-specific context and ambiguous language, have raised concerns about their validity and applicability to use for fellow assessment and curriculum development. In this Perspective, we briefly share the process of the Pediatric Pulmonology Milestones 2.

Structural Flexibility of Cyclosporine A Is Mediated by Amide - Isomerization and the Chameleonic Roles of Calcium.

Falling outside of Lipinski's rule of five, macrocyclic drugs have accessed unique binding sites of their target receptors unreachable by traditional small molecules. Cyclosporin(e) A (CycA), an extensively studied macrocyclic natural product, is an immunosuppressant with undesirable side effects such as electrolytic imbalances. In this work, a comprehensive view on the conformational landscape of CycA, its interactions with Ca, and host-guest interactions with cyclophilin A (CypA) is reported through exhaustive analyses that combine ion-mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, distance-geometry modeling, and NMR-driven molecular dynamics.

Effect of Electroacupuncture vs Sham Treatment on Change in Pain Severity Among Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Chronic low back pain has high societal and personal impact but remains challenging to treat. Electroacupuncture has demonstrated superior analgesia compared with placebo in animal studies but has not been extensively studied in human chronic pain conditions.

Objective: To evaluate the treatment effect of real electroacupuncture vs placebo in pain and disability among adults with chronic low back pain and to explore psychophysical, affective, and demographic factors associated with response to electroacupuncture vs placebo in treating chronic low back pain.

Conformational Preference of Macrocycles Investigated by Ion-Mobility Mass Spectrometry and Distance Geometry Modeling.

Macrocycles provide intricate shape manifolds that leverage the depth of the modern organic chemistry toolbox. Novel chemistry can be introduced via new bond types and unique torsional angles inaccessible by traditional small molecules and biomolecules. In this work, we investigate the conformational space of a class of biscationic macrocycles in protic and aprotic solvents using a combination of ion-mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry, distance geometry modeling, and quantum mechanical calculations.