Metrology characterization of ultraprecise bendable mirrors for the European XFEL: from offsite calibration to installation and commissioning.

The European XFEL requires long and ultraflat X-ray mirrors of high precision for the beam offset and distribution system [Altarelli et al. (2006), XFEL Technical Design Report, DESY 2006-097. DESY, Hamburg, Germany].

The SASE1 X-ray beam transport system.

SASE1 is the first beamline of the European XFEL that became operational in 2017. It consists of the SASE1 undulator system, the beam transport system, and the two scientific experiment stations: Single Particles, Clusters, and Biomolecules and Serial Femtosecond Crystallography (SPB/SFX), and Femtosecond X-ray Experiments (FXE). The beam transport system comprises mirrors to offset and guide the beam to the instruments and a set of X-ray optical components to align, manipulate and diagnose the beam.

Installation and commissioning of the European XFEL beam transport in the first two beamlines from a metrology point of view.

The European XFEL is a large x-ray free-electron laser facility under construction in the Hamburg area of Germany. It is designed to provide a transversally fully coherent x-ray radiation with outstanding characteristics: high repetition rate (up to 2700 pulses with a 0.6 ms long pulse train at 10 Hz, for a total of 27 000 pulses/s), short wavelength (down to 0.

Absolute, high-accuracy characterization of a variable line spacing grating for the European XFEL soft X-ray monochromator.

The European XFEL is a free-electron laser (FEL) with a superconducting linear accelerator and three beamlines (SASE1, SASE2, and SASE3) covering the energy range from 250 eV to 24 keV. The SASE3 beamline is dedicated to the soft x-ray range (0.25-3 keV) and is designed to operate in both monochromatic and non-monochromatic mode.

Characterization of an X-ray mirror mechanical bender for the European XFEL.

One of the classical devices used to tune a mirror on an X-ray optical setup is a mechanical bender. This is often designed in such a way that the mirror is held with clamps on both ends; a motor is then used to put a torque on the clamps, inducing a cylindrical shape of the mirror surface. A mechanical bender with this design was recently characterized, to bend a 950 mm-long mirror up to a radius of curvature of 10 km.