Omega-3 Fatty Acids Weaken Lymphocyte Inflammatory Features and Improve Glycemic Control in Nonobese Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats.

Background/objectives: Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats exhibit insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without obesity. This study explored the effects of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on T lymphocyte polarization in Wistar (WT) and GK rats.

Methods: They were administered ω-3 fatty acid-rich fish oil (FO) containing eicosapentaenoic (540 mg/g) and docosahexaenoic acids (100 mg/g) by oral gavage at 2 g/kg, thrice a week for 8 weeks.

A novel 4,4-dimethylcytidine in the archaeal ribosome enhances hyperthermophily.

Ribosome structure and activity are challenged at high temperatures, often demanding modifications to ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) to retain translation fidelity. LC-MS/MS, bisulfite-sequencing, and high-resolution cryo-EM structures of the archaeal ribosome identified an RNA modification, 4,4-dimethylcytidine (mC), at the universally conserved C918 in the 16S rRNA helix 31 loop. Here, we characterize and structurally resolve a class of RNA methyltransferase that generates mC whose function is critical for hyperthermophilic growth.

The extensive mC epitranscriptome of Thermococcus kodakarensis is generated by a suite of RNA methyltransferases that support thermophily.

RNAs are often modified to invoke new activities. While many modifications are limited in frequency, restricted to non-coding RNAs, or present only in select organisms, 5-methylcytidine (mC) is abundant across diverse RNAs and fitness-relevant across Domains of life, but the synthesis and impacts of mC have yet to be fully investigated. Here, we map mC in the model hyperthermophile, Thermococcus kodakarensis.

Insulin resistance in nonobese type 2 diabetic Goto Kakizaki rats is associated with a proinflammatory T lymphocyte profile.

Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats develop a well-defined insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without presenting obesity. The lymphocyte profile in nonobese diabetic conditions is not yet characterized. Therefore, GK rats were chosen to explore T lymphocyte (TL) dynamics at various stages (21, 60, and 120 days) compared to Wistar rats.