Contraceptives and conditioning: Different profiles of fear and expectancy ratings during fear conditioning and extinction according to menstrual cycle phase and hormonal contraceptive use.

Hormonal contraceptives (HC) such as the oral contraceptive pill (OC) and the hormonal intrauterine device (IUD) have been associated with depressed mood, but research on their role in anxiety is scarce and inconsistent. In a fear acquisition and extinction paradigm, self-report fear, expectancy, and skin conductance responses (SCR) were assessed, along with sex hormone levels. Naturally cycling (NC) participants were measured during the mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases (within subjects, n = 26) and compared with OC (n = 36) and IUD (n = 25) users.

Fear generalization in individuals with subclinical symptoms of panic disorder.

Panic disorder (PD) is a debilitating mental health condition, characterized by a preoccupation with the occurrence of panic attacks. Previous research has found that PD patients display increased fear generalization, which entails inflated fear responses to ambiguous stimuli (e.g.

The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology and diagnosis in burn survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Great disparity is observed among studies investigating the prevalence of PTSD after burns. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the pooled prevalence of PTSD in adult burn survivors over the first two years post-burn. Five electronic databases were searched for observational studies assessing the prevalence of PTSD symptoms after burns.

The generalization of threat beliefs to novel safety stimuli induced by safety behaviors.

Safety behaviors are responses that can reduce or even prevent an expected threat. Moreover, empirical studies have shown that using safety behaviors to a learnt safety stimulus can induce threat beliefs to it. No research so far has examined whether threat beliefs induced this way generalize to other novel stimuli related to the safety stimulus.