Synthesis and Monitoring of Mechanochemical Preparation of Highly Proton Conductive Hydrogen-Bonded Metal Phosphonates.

Crystalline porous materials are recognized as promising proton conductors for the proton exchange membrane (PEM) in fuel cell technology owing to their tunable framework structure. However, it is still a challenging bulk synthesis for real-world applications of these materials. Herein, we report the mechanochemical gram-scale synthesis of two isostructural metal hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (MHOFs) of Co(II) and Ni(II) based on 1-hydroxyethylidenediphosphonic acid (HEDPH) with 2,2'-bipyridine (2,2'-bipy): Co(HEDPH)(2,2'-bipy)·HO () and Ni(HEDPH)(2,2'-bipy)·HO ().

In Situ Investigations of Mechanochemical One-Pot Syntheses.

We present an in situ triple coupling of synchrotron X-ray diffraction with Raman spectroscopy, and thermography to study milling reactions in real time. This combination of methods allows a correlation of the structural evolution with temperature information. The temperature information is crucial for understanding both the thermodynamics and reaction kinetics.

[Isolation of chitin-specific wheat oxidoreductases].

Anionic peroxidase (IEP approximately 3.5) and oxalate oxidase (IEP approximately 7.0) were isolated from wheat seedlings using chitin.

[Inhibition of IAA-induced growth of wheat coleoptile fragments by chitin-chitosan oligomers].

We studied the comparative effects of the phytohormone indolylacetic acid (IAA) and chitooligosaccharides (5-10 kDa, degree of deacetylation 35%) on the growth of coleoptile fragments of 3-day wheat germlings. IAA (10 mg/l) stimulated elongation of coleoptile fragments by 80%, as compared to the control (water). Chitooligosaccharides at 0.

Chitooligosaccharide-induced activation of o-phenylenediamine oxidation by wheat seedlings in the presence of oxalic acid.

A method for determination of oxidation of phenolic compounds by intact wheat seedlings using o-phenylenediamine (OPD) was developed. The reaction is initiated by the addition of oxalic acid to the incubation medium. It is suggested that an endogenous peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide formed during oxidation of oxalic acid by endogenous oxalate oxidase are involved in OPD oxidation.