Monitoring community antibiotic consumption in Belgium: reimbursement versus retail data (2013-22).

Background And Objectives: In Belgium, monitoring antibiotic consumption relies on reimbursement data, which is obtained with a time delay and does not account for over-the-counter or nonreimbursed products. This study aims to bridge this gap by comparing reimbursement and retail data for primary care to understand variations and assess the accuracy of current surveillance methods.

Method: Reimbursement data were obtained from the National Institute for Health and Disability Insurance, and retail data were obtained from IQVIA for the period 2013-22.

Kinematic Responses to Water Treadmill Exercise When Used Regularly within a Sport Horse Training Programme: A Longitudinal, Observational Study.

Repeated exposure to water treadmill (WT) exercise could elicit kinematic responses reflecting adaptation to WT exercise. The study's aim was to compare the responses of a group of sport horses to a standardised WT exercise test (WT) carried out at three time points, week 0 ( = 48), week 20 ( = 38), and week 40 ( = 29), throughout a normal training programme incorporating WT exercise. Horses were recruited from the existing client populations of two commercial water treadmill venues for the purpose of this longitudinal, observational study.

Considerable interlaboratory variation in PD-L1 positivity for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in the Netherlands- A nationwide evaluation study.

Aims: Patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are eligible for first-line immune checkpoint inhibition if their tumour is positive for programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) determined by the combined positive score (CPS). This nationwide study, using real-world data, investigated the developing PD-L1 testing landscape in the first 3 years after introduction of the test in HNSCC and examined interlaboratory variation in PD-L1 positivity rates.

Methods: Pathology reports of HNSCC patients mentioning PD-L1 were extracted from the Dutch Pathology Registry (Palga).

Effect of speed and water depth on limb and back kinematics in Thoroughbred horses walking on a water treadmill.

Water treadmill (WT) exercise may induce limb and back kinematics that meet specific training and rehabilitation goals. The study aimed to investigate the effects of walk speed, at different water depths (WDs), on limb and back kinematics of six Thoroughbreds exercising on a WT. Horses walked at 2.