Evaluation of rheological properties of guar gum-based fracturing fluids enhanced with hydroxyl group bearing thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors.

Naturally occurring gas clathrates are a significant methane resource-the primary component of natural gas, regarded as the cleanest hydrocarbon and a key feedstock for producing gray and blue hydrogen. Despite the global abundance of gas hydrate reserves, extraction via depressurization has yet to achieve commercially viable production rates. The primary limitation lies in the low permeability of hydrate-bearing sediments, where solid clathrates obstruct porous pathways, hindering dissociation and slowing gas recovery.

Structural Immunology of SARS-CoV-2.

The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein has undergone significant evolution, enhancing both receptor binding and immune evasion. In this review, we summarize ongoing efforts to develop antibodies targeting various epitopes of the S protein, focusing on their neutralization potency, breadth, and escape mechanisms. Antibodies targeting the receptor-binding site (RBS) typically exhibit high neutralizing potency but are frequently evaded by mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Structural and Functional Insights into the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 KP.3.1.1 Spike Protein.

The JN.1-sublineage KP.3.

Genotype and Determinants of Urinary Uromodulin in African Populations.

Introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genetic locus are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in European populations, through their effect on urinary uromodulin (uUMOD) levels. The genetic and nongenetic factors associated with uUMOD in African populations remain unknown.

Methods: Clinical parameters, 3 selected SNPs and uUMOD levels were obtained in 1202 young Black and White adults from the African-PREDICT study and 1943 middle aged Black adults from the PURE-NWP-SA study, 2 cross-sectional, observational studies.

Copy-number analysis from genome sequencing data of 11,754 rare-disease parent-child trios: A model for identifying autosomal recessive human gene knockouts including a novel gene for autosomal recessive retinopathy.

Purpose: In parent-child trios with genome sequencing data, we investigated inherited biallelic deletions to identify known and novel genetic disorders.

Methods: We developed a copy-number variations analysis pipeline based on autosomal genome sequencing read depth of Genomics England 100,000 Genomes Project data from 11,754 parent-child trios and additional 18,875 non-trios. A control cohort of 15,440 cancer patients provided independent deletion frequencies.