[Amino Acid Substitution Patterns in the E6 and E7 Proteins of HPV Type 16: Phylogeography and Evolution].

The E6 and E7 proteins of the high risk human papillomaviruses (HR HPVs) play a key role in the oncogenesis associated with papillomavirus infection. Data on the variability of these proteins are limited, and the factors affecting their variability are still poorly understood. We analyzed the variability of the currently known sequences of the HPV type 16 (HPV16) E6 and E7 proteins, taking into account their geographic origin and year of sample collection, as well as the direction of their evolution in the major geographic regions of the world.

An overview of "Chronic viral infection and cancer, openings for vaccines" virtual symposium of the TechVac Network - December 16-17, 2021.

This is a report on the research activities currently ongoing in virology, oncology and virus-associated cancers and possibilities of their treatment and prevention by vaccines and immunotherapies as outlined at the symposium "Chronic viral infection and cancer, openings for vaccines" virtually held on December 16-17, 2021. Experts from the various disciplines involved in the study of the complex relationships between solid tumors and viruses met to discuss recent developments in the field and to report their personal contributions to the specified topics. Secondary end point was to sustain the TECHVAC Network established in 2016 as a multidisciplinary work group specifically devoted to development of vaccines and immunotherapies against chronic viral infections and associated cancers, with the aim to identify areas of common interest, promote research cooperation, establish collaborative cross-border programs and projects, and to coordinate clinical and research activities.

Carboxypeptidase A3-A Key Component of the Protease Phenotype of Mast Cells.

Carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3) is a specific mast cell (MC) protease with variable expression. This protease is one of the preformed components of the secretome. During maturation of granules, CPA3 becomes an active enzyme with a characteristic localization determining the features of the cytological and ultrastructural phenotype of MC.

Abnormal promoter DNA hypermethylation of the integrin, nidogen, and dystroglycan genes in breast cancer.

Cell transmembrane receptors and extracellular matrix components play a pivotal role in regulating cell activity and providing for the concerted integration of cells in the tissue structures. We have assessed DNA methylation in the promoter regions of eight integrin genes, two nidogen genes, and the dystroglycan gene in normal breast tissues and breast carcinomas (BC). The protein products of these genes interact with the basement membrane proteins LAMA1, LAMA2, and LAMB1; abnormal hypermethylation of the LAMA1, LAMA2, and LAMB1 promoters in BC has been described in our previous publications.

Abnormal Hypermethylation of CpG Dinucleotides in Promoter Regions of Matrix Metalloproteinases Genes in Breast Cancer and Its Relation to Epigenomic Subtypes and HER2 Overexpression.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) substantially contribute to the regulation of intercellular interactions and thereby play a role in maintaining the tissue structure and function. We examined methylation of a subset of 5'-cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3' (CpG) dinucleotides in promoter regions of the , , and genes by methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion PCR. In our collection of 183 breast cancer samples, abnormal hypermethylation was observed for CpGs in , and promoter regions.