Parallel Interactive Processing as a Way to Understand Complex Information Processing: The Conjunction Fallacy and Other Examples.

Parallel interactive processing (PIP) represents an approach in which specific context generates interactive relationships between general attributes. This article summarizes previous research that demonstrates how such relationships influence inference making in categorization. This is followed by evidence that the approach can be extended to other areas of cognition, including probability judgments.

The interaction between specific and general information in category learning and representation: unitization and parallel interactive processing.

We investigated the effects of specific stimulus information on the use of rule information in a category learning task in 2 experiments, one presented here and an intercategory transfer task reported in an earlier article. In the present experiment photograph--name combinations, called identifiers, were associated with 4 demographic attributes. The same attribute information was shown to all participants.

How learning one category influences the learning of another: intercategory generalization based on analogy and specific stimulus information.

We investigated the effect of learning one category structure on the learning of a related category structure. Photograph-name combinations, called identifiers, were associated with values of four demographic attributes. Two problems were related by analogous demographic attributes, common identifiers, or both to examine the impact of common identifier, related general characteristics, and the interaction of the two variables in mediating learning transfer from one category structure to another.

Case study: melatonin in severe obesity.

Nocturnal serum melatonin was measured at half-hour intervals from 6:30 P.M. to 7 A.

Nocturnal serum melatonin profile in major depression in children and adolescents.

Background: In major depression, biological rhythm disturbances in sleep, appetite, and mood suggest dysregulation in neuroendocrine functions, possibly in the pineal gland. In this study, pineal gland function was examined by measuring nocturnal serum melatonin levels during both wakefulness and sleep in depressed children and adolescents.

Methods: Twenty-two youths aged 8 to 17 years primarily with major depression were compared with 19 controls.