The ketone body β-Hydroxybutyrate mediated epigenetic chromatin β-hydroxybutyrylation protects kidneys.

Starvation, intermittent fasting and exercise, all of which are recommended lifestyle modifiers share a common metabolic signature, ketogenesis to generate the ketone bodies, predominantly β-hydroxybutyrate. β-hydroxybutyrate exerts beneficial effects across various contexts, preventing or mitigating disease. We hypothesized that these dynamic health benefits of β-hydroxybutyrate might stem from its ability to regulate genome architecture through chromatin remodeling via histone β-hydroxybutyrylation, thereby influencing the transcriptome.

Perforated Meckel's diverticulum in an adult: Case report and literature review.

Introduction And Importance: Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is an unusual clinical condition that occurs in approximately 2-4 %. The complications are more common in children, with a low prevalence in adults, with the main complication in adults being intestinal obstruction followed by diverticulitis with or without perforation.

Case Presentation: We present a 30-year-old female patient with a history of an appendectomy.

Targeting SWI/SNF Complexes in Cancer: Pharmacological Approaches and Implications.

SWI/SNF enzymes are heterogeneous multi-subunit complexes that utilize the energy from ATP hydrolysis to remodel chromatin structure, facilitating transcription, DNA replication, and repair. In mammalian cells, distinct sub-complexes, including cBAF, ncBAF, and PBAF exhibit varying subunit compositions and have different genomic functions. Alterations in the SWI/SNF complex and sub-complex functions are a prominent feature in cancer, making them attractive targets for therapeutic intervention.

Eutherian-Specific Functions of BetaM Acquired through Gene Co-Option in the Regulation of MyoD Expression.

Vertebrate genes represent a rare instance of orthologous gene co-option, resulting in radically different functions of the encoded BetaM proteins. In lower vertebrates, BetaM is a Na, K-ATPase β-subunit that is a component of ion pumps in the plasma membrane. In placental mammals, BetaM lost its ancestral role and, through structural alterations of the N-terminal domain, became a skeletal and cardiac muscle-specific protein of the inner nuclear membrane, highly expressed during late fetal and early postnatal development.

Epigenetic and pharmacological control of pigmentation via Bromodomain Protein 9 (BRD9).

Lineage-specific differentiation programs are activated by epigenetic changes in chromatin structure. Melanin-producing melanocytes maintain a gene expression program ensuring appropriate enzymatic conversion of metabolites into the pigment, melanin, and transfer to surrounding cells. During neuroectodermal development, SMARCA4 (BRG1), the catalytic subunit of SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes, is essential for lineage specification.