Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Raw and Denatured Aqueous Extracts from Sprouts and Wheatgrass of Einkorn and Emmer Obtained under Salinity.

Total phenolic content (TPC), reducing power (RP), superoxide radical scavenging (RS), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) production inhibition were measured in raw and denatured aqueous extracts from sprouts and wheatgrass of einkorn and emmer obtained at increasing salinity. Grains were incubated and kept at 0, 25, 50, and 100 mM NaCl until either sprout or wheatgrass stage. Additionally, a recovery treatment was included, in which sprouts obtained at 100 mM NaCl were then transferred at 0 mM NaCl until wheatgrass stage.

Characterization of phospholipid molecular species and peptide molecules in wheat sprout hydroalcoholic extract.

The phospholipid molecular species and the main peptide molecules of wheat sprout hydroalcoholic extract have been fully characterized by normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled online with positive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The extract that resulted was rich in phospholipid molecular species formed by the combination of the two essential fatty acids (α-linoleic and α-linolenic). These species accounted for 51.

Biochemical and mass spectrometry recognition of phospholipid-peptide complexes in wheat sprouts extract.

Total hydroalcoholic extract of wheat sprouts was treated with 90% cold acetone as a preliminary step directed to separate antioxidant peptides from antioxidant polyphenols. Surprisingly, the addition of acetone causes the formation of a yellow buoyant gelatinous drop that prevailingly contains peptides and phospholipids. In this context, evidences have been presented that support the hypothesis that peptides (and perhaps other active molecules) are complexed with phospholipids.

Interaction of DDSDEEN peptide with N-CAM protein. Possible mechanism enhancing neuronal differentiation.

DDSDEEN chromatin peptide, after dansylation, was studied for its ability to bind N-CAM protein. The binding causes a quenching of the Dns-peptide fluorescence emission. Dose- and time-dependent binding of Dns-peptide with N-CAM has been shown.

Wheat sprout extract induces changes on 20S proteasomes functionality.

Wheat sprouts contain a very high level of organic phosphates and a powerful cocktail of different molecules such as enzymes, reducing glycosides and polyphenols. The antioxidant properties of wheat sprouts have been widely documented and it has been shown that they are able to protect DNA against free-radicals mediated oxidative damage. Furthermore, we have recently reported on the effects of several polyphenols on 20S proteasomes, underlying the dual role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate as an antioxidant and a proteasome effector in cancer cells.