Single-molecule imaging for investigating the transcriptional control.

Transcription is an essential biological process involving numerous factors, including transcription factors (TFs) which play a central role in this process by binding to their cognate DNA motifs. Although cells must tightly regulate the kinetics of factor association and dissociation during transcription, factor dynamics during transcription remain poorly characterized, primarily because of the reliance on ensemble experiments that average out molecular heterogeneity. Recent advances in single-molecule fluorescence imaging techniques have enabled the exploration of TF dynamics at unprecedented resolution.

Artificial Intelligence-Based Classification and Segmentation of Bladder Cancer in Cystoscope Images.

Background/objectives: Cystoscopy is necessary for diagnosing bladder cancer, but it has limitations in identifying ambiguous lesions, such as carcinoma in situ (CIS), which leads to a high recurrence rate of bladder cancer. With the significant advancements in deep learning in the medical field, several studies have explored its application in cystoscopy. This study aimed to utilize the VGG19 and Deeplab v3+ deep learning models to classify and segment cystoscope images, respectively.

The Effects of Laxogenin and 5-Alpha-hydroxy-laxogenin on Myotube Formation and Maturation During Cultured Meat Production.

Cultured meat (CM) is derived from the in vitro myogenesis of muscle satellite (stem) cells (MSCs) and offers a promising alternative protein source. However, the development of a cost-effective media formulation that promotes cell growth has yet to be achieved. In this study, laxogenin (LAX) and 5-alpha-hydroxy-laxogenin (5HLAX) were computationally screened against myostatin (MSTN), a negative regulator of muscle mass, because of their antioxidant properties and dual roles as MSTN inhibitors and enhancers of myogenesis regulatory factors.

Acetogenesis to ethanologenesis: facilitating NADH oxidation via reductive acetate uptake.

(Homo)acetogens, including Clostridium spp., represent an enigma in metabolic flexibility and diversity. Eubacterium callanderi KIST612 is an acetogen that produces n-butyrate with carbon monoxide (CO) as the carbon and energy source; however, the production route is unknown.

Hot Nanogap Networks-In-Triangular Nanoframes: A Strategy for Positioning Adsorbates Near Hot Spots.

This study reports the synthesis of plasmonic hot nanogap networks-in-triangular nanoframes (NITNFs), featuring narrow intraparticle nanogap networks embedded within triangular nanoframes. Starting from Au nanotriangles, Pt NITNFs are synthesized through a cascade reaction involving simultaneous Pt deposition and Au etching in a one-pot process. The Pt NITNFs are then transformed into plasmonically active Au NITNFs via Au coating.