[Flemish guideline for the prevention and use of seclusion and restraint].

Background: International consensus states that seclusion and restraint should only be applied as briefly and as little as possible. However, audits by the Care Inspectorate show that this is not always the case in Flemish mental health care (MHC).

Aim: To describe the development of a multidisciplinary guideline for the prevention and application of seclusion and restraint in inpatient MHC, underpinned by both clinical-scientific and legal evidence.

Combining Biofeedback with Stress Management Interventions: A Systematic Review of Physiological and Psychological Effects.

Current mental healthcare systems experience difficulties meeting the challenges of a growing population with elevated stress symptoms. Outpatient stress management interventions have already proven to be effective in routine care and recent technological advances now allow to expand such interventions, for example by adding a physiological component like biofeedback. Adding biofeedback to stress management interventions appears promising, but there is a lack of insight into the general conceptualization and evaluation of the resulting interventions, both in relation to psychological and physiological stress indicators.

Task-related electroencephalographic deviances in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Objective: This study aimed to provide more insight into the functional significance of electroencephalographic (EEG) deviances in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by evaluating quantitative EEG during performance on a task with a low activation level and a task tapping top-down executive control.

Method: Behavioral performance and EEG activity were compared between 24 adults with ADHD and 20 typically developing adults during a simple slow-paced 2-choice reaction time (2-CRT) task and a moderately paced flanker task.

Results: During the slow 2-CRT task, adults with ADHD responded slower, more variably, and tended to make more errors of commission.

Electroencephalographic activity before and after cognitive effort in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Numerous studies have detected elevated electroencephalographic (EEG) theta/beta ratio (TBR) or theta power in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and therefore TBR has been suggested to be a promising biomarker of ADHD. At the same time, recent theoretical models have emphasized the heterogeneity of ADHD and the notion that cognitive deficits in ADHD are not fixed but fluctuate according to contextual and state factors. Surprisingly, so far the context- or state-dependency of EEG abnormalities in ADHD has hardly been addressed.

State-related electroencephalographic deviances in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

This study investigated the stability and state-related characteristics of electroencephalographic (EEG) deviances in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Three minutes resting EEG with eyes closed and eyes open were compared between 21 children with ADHD and 29 typically developing children. Across resting conditions, children with ADHD exhibited divergent topographic distribution for theta, alpha and beta power compared to typically developing children.