[Therapeutic problems of pediatric tracheobronchial foreign bodies].

The report is based on 251 extractions of tracheo-bronchial foreign bodies performed since 1968. Bronchoscopy for foreign bodies, particularly chronic ones, is a high risk procedure in small children and even more in infants and should be limited to a skilled bronchologist. Progress in paediatric anaesthesiology and paediatric intensive care as well as bronchological devices designed specially for children facilitate the task.

Tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration in childhood. A report on 224 cases.

In 224 patients aged 7 months to 14 years aspirated foreign bodies (FB) were extracted from the tracheobronchial system. Eighty-one percent of the children were younger than 3 years, 50% were in the second year of life. There were twice as many boys as girls.

[Pseudohypoaldosteronism--renal salt loss syndrome. Therapy and course exemplified by 2 siblings].

In 2 sibs pseudohypoaldosteronism was diagnosed by measurements of high serum aldosterone and elevated plasma renin activity. During their first week of life the first born girl, phenotypically normal, went through a severe salt-losing crisis with hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Steroids given because of suspected congenital adrenal hyperplasia had no effect.

The determination of mineralocorticoid receptors in human mononuclear leukocytes from patients with mineralocorticoid excess: physiological and pathological implications.

The affinity and the capacity of mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) in human mononuclear leukocytes (HML) were determined in 9 patients with Conn's syndrome (PA) and in 3 patients with pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA). The number of binding sites per cell was 136 +/- 39 (mean +/- SD) in PA. One case with PHA had no MR, and of the other 2 patients, one had 50 and the other 55 receptors per cell.

Aldosterone-receptor deficiency in pseudohypoaldosteronism.

Pseudohypoaldosteronism, a syndrome characterized by salt wasting and failure to thrive, usually presents in infancy as high urinary levels of sodium despite hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hyperreninemia, and elevated aldosterone levels. We have investigated this syndrome for the possibility of abnormal Type I or "mineralocorticoid-like" receptors, which have intrinsic steroid specificity indistinguishable from that of renal mineralocorticoid receptors and are found in many tissues and cells, including mononuclear leukocytes. We have studied three patients with pseudohypoaldosteronism: the 28-year-old index case in Melbourne (Patient 1) and two siblings in Munich, eight and two years of age (Patients 2 and 3); clinically, Patient 3 had a less severe case than his sister.