Evaluation of microRNA variant maturation prior to genome edition.

Assessment of the functionality of individual microRNA/target sites is a crucial issue. Genome editing techniques should theoretically permit a fine functional exploration of such interactions, allowing the mutation of microRNAs or individual binding sites in a complete in vivo setting, therefore abrogating or restoring individual interactions on demand. A major limitation to this experimental strategy is the influence of microRNA sequence on its accumulation level, which introduces a confounding effect when assessing phenotypic rescue by compensatorily mutated microRNA and target site.

Translesion DNA synthesis-driven mutagenesis in very early embryogenesis of fast cleaving embryos.

In early embryogenesis of fast cleaving embryos, DNA synthesis is short and surveillance mechanisms preserving genome integrity are inefficient, implying the possible generation of mutations. We have analyzed mutagenesis in Xenopus laevis and Drosophila melanogaster early embryos. We report the occurrence of a high mutation rate in Xenopus and show that it is dependent upon the translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) master regulator Rad18.

Functional lability of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases in animals.

RNA interference (RNAi) requires RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) in many eukaryotes, and RNAi amplification constitutes the only known function for eukaryotic RdRPs. Yet in animals, classical model organisms can elicit RNAi without possessing RdRPs, and only nematode RNAi was shown to require RdRPs. Here we show that RdRP genes are much more common in animals than previously thought, even in insects, where they had been assumed not to exist.

Translational Control of Autophagy by Orb in the Drosophila Germline.

Drosophila Orb, the homolog of vertebrate CPEB, is a key translational regulator involved in oocyte polarity and maturation through poly(A) tail elongation of specific mRNAs. orb also has an essential function during early oogenesis that has not been addressed at the molecular level. Here, we show that orb prevents cell death during early oogenesis, thus allowing oogenesis to progress.

The CCR4 deadenylase acts with Nanos and Pumilio in the fine-tuning of Mei-P26 expression to promote germline stem cell self-renewal.

Translational regulation plays an essential role in Drosophila ovarian germline stem cell (GSC) biology. GSC self-renewal requires two translational repressors, Nanos (Nos) and Pumilio (Pum), which repress the expression of differentiation factors in the stem cells. The molecular mechanisms underlying this translational repression remain unknown.