Compound management beyond efficiency.

Codeveloping alongside chemistry and in vitro screening, compound management was one of the first areas in research recognizing the need for efficient processes and workflows. Material management groups have centralized, automated, miniaturized and, importantly, found out what not to do with compounds. While driving down cost and improving quality in storage and processing, researchers still face the challenge of interfacing optimally with changing business processes, in screening groups, and with external vendors and focusing on biologicals in many companies.

Zeocin resistance as a dominant selective marker for transformation and targeted gene deletions in Candida glabrata.

Many of the genetic tools used to generate gene knockouts in Candida glabrata exploit auxotrophic markers but this is not suitable for use with clinical strains. Antibiotic resistance markers, however, allow one to target genes to be deleted without any prior genetic manipulation of clinical isolates. Such antibiotic selection markers have been widely reported for the manipulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Strategic locus for the activation of the superoxide dismutase gene in the nephron.

Upon exposure to a transient ischemia, the distal tubule of the kidney often escapes the severe damage which afflicts the proximal tubule. To ascertain whether this feature of the distal tubule is attributable to its intrinsic cellular properties, we focused on two pairs of unique tubule segments; distal versus proximal convoluted tubules in the superficial cortex and distal versus proximal straight tubules in the outer stripe of the outer medulla. These tubules were chosen because, firstly, they can be identified by morphology and immunostaining, and secondly, each pair has the same anatomical relationship to the circulation.

Cloning and sequence analysis of the genes encoding phosphotransbutyrylase and butyrate kinase from Clostridium acetobutylicum NCIMB 8052.

An 8.1-kb fragment of chromosomal DNA from Clostridium acetobutylicum NCIMB 8052 (formerly NCIB 8052) has been cloned into plasmid pAT153 and shown to allow the growth of Escherichia coli LJ32 (F+ atoC2c atoD32 fadR) on butyrate as the sole source of carbon and energy. Deletion analysis delineated a 3.

Rat copper/zinc superoxide dismutase gene: isolation, characterization, and species comparison.

A 13 kb rat Cu/ZnSOD genomic clone has been purified from a rat liver genomic library and completely characterized by restriction mapping, detailed sequencing and Southern blot analysis. This gene spans approximately 6 kb and contains five exons and four introns. Comparison of rat, mouse, and human Cu/ZnSOD genes reveals a high conservation in genomic organization and exon-intron junctions, including an unusual 5'GC donor sequence at the first intron.