Steady-state trough serum and epithelial lining fluid concentrations of teicoplanin 12 mg/kg per day in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Objective: To determine the steady-state trough serum and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) concentrations of teicoplanin 12 mg/kg per day in critically ill patients with ventilator associated pneumonia.

Design And Setting: Prospective, pharmacokinetic study in the surgical intensive care unit in a university hospital.

Patients: Thirteen adult patients with nosocomial bacterial pneumonia on mechanical ventilation were enrolled.

Simultaneous determination of metronidazole and spiramycin I in human plasma, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid by LC-MS/MS.

An analytical validation of a new liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of metronidazole and spiramycin I concentrations in human plasma, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is presented. Ornidazole was used as an internal standard, and sample pre-treatment consisted of a liquid-liquid extraction. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a 5 microm Kromasil C18 column (150 mm x 4.

Concentrations and in vivo antibacterial activity of spiramycin and metronidazole in patients with periodontitis treated with high-dose metronidazole and the spiramycin/metronidazole combination.

Objectives: Previous studies have shown that metronidazole, alone or in combination with spiramycin (250 mg/1 500 000 units, three times/day), is an effective treatment for active periodontitis, although the dose of metronidazole currently used (750 mg/day) could provide concentrations in gingival crevice fluid that are too low for the MICs of the involved pathogens. This study tested the in vivo antibacterial efficacy of the currently used metronidazole dose (as contained in the fixed spiramycin/metronidazole combination) in patients with an active periodontitis, and of a high dose (1500 mg/day) of metronidazole alone.

Methods: We measured the MICs of spiramycin and metronidazole for the recovered pathogens and the gingival crevice fluid antibiotic concentrations of both antibiotics, and attempted to correlate them with bacterial eradication.

[Efficacy of levofloxacin in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis in patients with risk factors].

Studies of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (EXCB) included in the approval documents of levofloxacin (LVF) were reviewed in light of the good conditions of use defined by the French marketing approval and the AFSSAPS recommendations. The approval documents included two American studies comparing LVF 500 mg/d for 5-7 days with cefaclor 750 mg/d for 7-10 days or cefuroxime axetil (CXM) 500 mg/d for 7-10 days. A new descriptive analysis of efficacy was performed on a population meeting the recommendation criteria for antibiotic treatment in patients with clinical signs of obstruction.

Randomized comparison of serum teicoplanin concentrations following daily or alternate daily dosing in healthy adults.

Trough serum teicoplanin concentrations were compared in healthy adults following intravenous administration of one of two regimens: (i) 12 mg/kg of body weight every 12 h for 3 doses and then 15 mg/kg every 48 h for 4 doses (n = 16 subjects) or (ii) 6 mg/kg every 12 h for 2 doses and then 6 mg/kg every 24 h for 9 doses (n = 8 subjects). The mean +/- standard deviation trough concentrations in serum on day 11 (24 and 48 h after administration of the last dose for the daily and alternate-day dosing schedules, respectively) were 16.0 +/- 2.