Cervical changes in twin pregnancies observed by transvaginal ultrasound during the latter half of pregnancy: a longitudinal, observational study.

Objective: To determine what constitutes normal cervical changes in twin gestations during the latter half of pregnancy, and whether there are differences in the pattern of cervical change between women expecting twins giving birth at term (> or = 36 completed gestational weeks, GW) and preterm.

Methods: Twenty women (12 nulliparous, eight parous) expecting twins were examined with transvaginal ultrasound every week from 24 GW until delivery. Cervical length and width were measured, the inner cervical os was assessed as being closed or open, and any dynamic cervical changes were noted.

Intra- and interobserver reproducibility of ultrasound measurements of cervical length and width in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.

Objectives: To determine intra- and interobserver reproducibility of ultrasound measurements of cervical length and width in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.

Design: Twenty healthy women in the second or third trimester of pregnancy underwent transvaginal ultrasound examination of the cervix by two examiners. Three replicate meaurements of cervical length and width were taken by each observer for each woman.

Normal cervical changes in parous women during the second half of pregnancy--a prospective, longitudinal ultrasound study.

Objective: To determine what constitutes normal cervical changes during the second half of pregnancy in parous women delivering at term.

Design: The study comprises 21 healthy, pregnant parous women who all gave birth at term. They were examined with transvaginal ultrasound every two weeks from 24 gestational weeks until delivery.

Patterns of normal change in cervical length and width during pregnancy in nulliparous women: a prospective, longitudinal ultrasound study.

Objectives: To determine what constitutes normal changes in the uterine cervix visible at transvaginal ultrasound examination from 24 gestational weeks until delivery in nulliparous women delivering at term.

Design: Cervical length and width were measured using transvaginal ultrasound, and the inner cervical os was assessed as being closed or open every 2 weeks from gestational week 24 until delivery in 19 healthy nulliparae delivering at term.

Results: In all but one woman cervical length decreased, and in all but one woman cervical width increased, with advancing gestation.

The safety and efficacy of MenoTreat, a new balloon device for thermal endometrial ablation.

Background: An evaluation of the performance and safety of the prototype of a new device, MemoTreat (Atos Medical) for thermal endometrial balloon ablation in patients with menorrhagia. The evaluation was performed at four Swedish hospitals.

Methods: In total 51 consecutive, premenopausal patients, suffering from menorrhagia due to benign causes and not responding to conventional treatment, were treated between March 1997 and March 1998.