Persistence of PFOA Pollution at a PTFE Production Site and Occurrence of Replacement PFASs in English Freshwaters Revealed by Sentinel Species, the Eurasian Otter ().

Concentrations of 33 PFASs were determined in 20 Eurasian otters, sampled 2015-2019, along a transect away from a factory, which used PFOA in PTFE manufacture. Despite cessation of usage in 2012, PFOA concentrations remained high near the factory (>298 μg/kg ww <20 km from factory) and declined with increasing distance (<57 μg/kg ww >150 km away). Long-chain legacy PFASs dominated the ΣPFAS profile, particularly PFOS, PFOA, PFDA, and PFNA.

Microdialysis coupled with droplet microfluidics and mass spectrometry for determination of neurotransmitters with high temporal resolution.

Monitoring the concentration fluctuations of neurotransmitters is valuable for elucidating the chemical signals that underlie brain functions. Microdialysis sampling is a widely used tool for monitoring neurochemicals . The volume requirements of most techniques that have been coupled to microdialysis, such as HPLC, result in fraction collection times of minutes, thus limiting the temporal resolution possible.

An In Vivo Definition of Brain Histamine Dynamics Reveals Critical Neuromodulatory Roles for This Elusive Messenger.

Histamine is well known for mediating peripheral inflammation; however, this amine is also found in high concentrations in the brain where its roles are much less known. In vivo chemical dynamics are difficult to measure, thus fundamental aspects of histamine's neurochemistry remain undefined. In this work, we undertake the first in-depth characterization of real time in vivo histamine dynamics using fast electrochemical tools.

High-fat diet induces neuroinflammation and reduces the serotonergic response to escitalopram in the hippocampus of obese rats.

Clinical studies indicate that obese individuals have an increased risk of developing co-morbid depressive illness and that these patients have reduced responses to antidepressant therapy, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Obesity, a condition of chronic mild inflammation including obesity-induced neuroinflammation, is proposed to contribute to decreases in synaptic concentrations of neurotransmitters like serotonin (5HT) by decreasing 5HT synthesis in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and/or affecting 5HT reuptake in DRN target regions like the hippocampus. In view of these observations, the goal of the current study was to examine inflammatory markers and serotonergic dynamics in co-morbid obesity and depression.

Transanal Irrigation for Refractory Chronic Idiopathic Constipation: Patients Perceive a Safe and Effective Therapy.

Transanal irrigation (TAI) can successfully treat neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD), but patient perception of its use in chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) is unknown. To evaluate patient perceptions of the efficacy and safety of TAI for CIC and whether there are predictive factors of perceived treatment response. Prospective data collection of baseline physiology and symptom severity; retrospective evaluation of efficacy and safety perceptions using a snapshot survey.