Neuroprotective Effects of Noncanonical PAR1 Agonists on Cultured Neurons in Excitotoxicity.

Serine proteases regulate cell functions through G protein-coupled protease-activated receptors (PARs). Cleavage of one peptide bond of the receptor amino terminus results in the formation of a new N-terminus ("tethered ligand") that can specifically interact with the second extracellular loop of the PAR receptor and activate it. Activation of PAR1 by thrombin (canonical agonist) and activated protein C (APC, noncanonical agonist) was described as a biased agonism.

New putative phenol oxidase in ascidian blood cells.

The phenol oxidase system is ancient and ubiquitously distributed in all living organisms. In various groups it serves for the biosynthesis of pigments and neurotransmitters (dopamine), defence reactions and tissue hardening. Ascidians belong to subphylum Tunicata, which is considered the closest living relative to Vertebrates.

An Update of Orthopoxvirus Molecular Evolution.

Although variola virus (VARV) has been eradicated through widespread vaccination, other pathogenic for humans circulate in nature. Recently, new , including some able to infect humans, have been found and their complete genomes have been sequenced. Questions about the mutation rate and the emergence of new threats to humankind as a result of the evolution of circulating remain open.

The role of non-commercial cyprinids in maintenance and spread of the opisthorchiasis focus in the middle Ob River basin (Tomsk region, Russia).

The study assessed the role of non-commercial cyprinid species in maintaining the opisthorchiasis focus in the middle Ob River basin, Tomsk region, Russia. The source of infection for humans and carnivores is fish of the family Cyprinidae. This is the most numerous family, 14 species live in the middle Ob River basin, which includes 6 commercial species and 8 non-commercial species.

Species-Specific Proteins in the Oviducts of Snail Sibling Species: Proteotranscriptomic Study of and .

Genus subgenus (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda) includes the "obtusata" group of closely related species ( and ). The anatomy of the adult reproductive system (pallial oviduct) is the only reliable feature used for species identification in females of these species. Reproductive system anatomy and reproduction-associated proteins often diverge between sibling species.