Comparison of Heating Strategies on Soil Water Measurement Using Actively Heated Fiber Optics on Contrasting Textured Soils.

The actively heated fiber optics (AHFO) technique has the potential to measure soil water at high spatial and temporal resolutions, and thus it can bridge the measurement gap from point to large scales. However, the availability of power might restrict its use, since high power is required to heat long fiber optic cables under field conditions; this can be a challenge for long-term soil water monitoring under field conditions. This study investigated the performance of different heating strategies (power intensity and heating duration) on soil water measurement by the AHFO technique on three different textured soils.

Can Early Warning Systems Enhance Detection of High Risk Patients by Rapid Response Teams?

Purpose: We sought to evaluate if incorporating an early warning system (EWS), the Visensia Safety Index (VSI) and the National Early Warning Systems 2 (NEWS2), may lead to earlier identification of rapid response team (RRT) patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective study (2015-2018) of patients experiencing RRT activation within a tertiary care network. We evaluated the proportion of patients with an EWS alert prior to RRT activation and their associated outcomes (primary: hospital mortality).

Effects of Initial Soil Moisture, Clod Size, and Clay Content on Ammonia Volatilization after Subsurface Band Application of Urea.

Ammonia losses from broadcast urea vary based on soil physical and chemical properties; however, less is known about how soil properties affect NH losses after subsurface banding of urea. Therefore, three field trials were established to determine how initial soil moisture, clod size, and clay content affect NH volatilization from subsurface-banded (0.025-m depth) urea using wind tunnels.

The heat penalty of walkable neighbourhoods.

"Walkability" or walking-friendliness is generally considered a favourable attribute of a neighbourhood that supports physical activity and improves health outcomes. Walkable neighbourhoods tend to have high-density infrastructure and relatively high amounts of concrete and pavement for sidewalks and streets, all of which can elevate local urban temperatures. The objective of this study was to assess whether there is a "heat penalty" associated with more walkable neighbourhoods in Montréal, Québec, Canada, using air temperature measurements taken in real time at street level during a heat event.

Multi-year net ecosystem carbon balance of a restored peatland reveals a return to carbon sink.

Peatlands after drainage and extraction are large sources of carbon (C) to the atmosphere. Restoration, through re-wetting and revegetation, aims to return the C sink function by re-establishing conditions similar to that of an undrained peatland. However, the time needed to re-establish C sequestration is not well constrained due to the lack of multi-year measurements.