COVID-19 Diarrhea Is Inflammatory, Caused by Direct Viral Effects Plus Major Role of Virus-induced Cytokines.

Background & Aims: Diarrhea occurs in up to 50% of cases of COVID-19. Nonetheless, the pathophysiologic mechanism(s) have not been determined.

Methods: This was examined using normal human enteroid monolayers exposed apically to live SARS-CoV-2 or non-replicating virus-like particles (VLPs) bearing the 4 SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins or irradiated virus, all of which bound and entered enterocytes.

Ties in Tough Times: How Social Capital Helps Lower-Income Jewish Parents Weather the Economic Hardship of COVID-19.

In this exploratory study, we examined how social ties helped lower-income Jewish parents in the Greater Philadelphia area weather the COVID-19 pandemic. We interviewed 36 parents who self-identified as Jewish, had at least one school-age child, and earned less than the median Jewish household income in the Philadelphia area. We analyzed the data through the lens of social capital, focusing on three forms: bonding, bridging, and linking social capital.

SARS-COV-2 induced Diarrhea is inflammatory, Ca Dependent and involves activation of calcium activated Cl channels.

Diarrhea occurs in 2-50% of cases of COVID-19 (∼8% is average across series). The diarrhea does not appear to account for the disease mortality and its contribution to the morbidity has not been defined, even though it is a component of Long Covid or post-infectious aspects of the disease. Even less is known about the pathophysiologic mechanism of the diarrhea.

Not a family matter: The effects of religiosity on academic outcomes based on evidence from siblings.

Religiosity has been positively linked with multiple measures of academic success, but it is unclear whether the "effect" of religiosity on academic outcomes is causal or spurious. One source of heterogeneity that may contribute to a child's level of religiosity and his/her academic success is family background. This paper is the first to use sibling differences to estimate the associations between religiosity on short and long-term academic success.

Measuring the predictability of life outcomes with a scientific mass collaboration.

How predictable are life trajectories? We investigated this question with a scientific mass collaboration using the common task method; 160 teams built predictive models for six life outcomes using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a high-quality birth cohort study. Despite using a rich dataset and applying machine-learning methods optimized for prediction, the best predictions were not very accurate and were only slightly better than those from a simple benchmark model. Within each outcome, prediction error was strongly associated with the family being predicted and weakly associated with the technique used to generate the prediction.