[Piriform aperture as a cause of nasal obstruction. Part 2. A systematic review of the methods of surgical treatment].

The article presents a systematic review of publications on the methods of piriform aperture (PA) surgery in the treatment of nasal obstruction. Various surgical techniques are reviewed critically in terms of topographic anatomy and the effectiveness of the method. The contradictory opinions about the access to the piriform aperture and the methods of its correction are revealed.

[Piriform aperture as a cause of nasal obstruction. Part I. Anthropometric characteristics in different populations (systematic review).].

The piriform aperture (PA) is anatomically an opening in the central part of the facial skull. To date, the piriform aperture, as an element of the static component of the internal nasal valve (INV) and as a possible cause of its dysfunction, has not received proper surgical attention. If PA is considered as a possible cause of nasal obstruction, then the main parameter is its width, which has a direct effect on the volume of the INV area.

[The septal tubercle: the state of the problem].

The septal tubercle is considered to be a thickened area of the nasal septum, which is located above the lower nasal concha and in front of the middle nasal concha. Taking into account its histological structure and location in the distal segment of the internal nasal valve, it is located and structured for secretory function and vasoactive regulation of the respiratory air flow. These histologically rich tissues with glandular elements are well adapted to the possible dryness that occurs under the influence of intense air flow during breathing, and the existence of a certain number of venous sinusoids of the blood confirms the connection with part of the extensive vascular tissues in the nasal cavity.

[The enhancement of the efficacy of early diagnostics of laryngopharyngeal reflux].

The objective of the present study was to improve early diagnostics of extraoesophageal reflux (EGER) disease encountered in the routine otorhinolaryngological practice. The questionnaire for rapid diagnostics of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERDq), the heartburn severity scoring scale (HBSS), and the reflux symptom index (RSI) were used to estimate the conditions of 91 patients at the age varying from 17 to 72 years meeting the inclusion criteria. The patients were interviewed based on these three scoring systems during the initial consultation and after the test with a proton pipe inhibitor (PPI).

[The comparative study of the effectiveness and safety of various nasal packing techniques in the patients suffering nasal bleeding].

The objective of the present study was to improve the methods for mechanical nasal bleeding (NB) control. To this effect, the authors undertook a prospective comparative study of the effectiveness and safety of two mechanical techniques for nasal tamponade in the patients suffering from nasal bleeding. A total of 48 patients with NB and concomitant arterial hypertension were recruited for the study.