Multiple repeat cesarean delivery is associated with increased maternal morbidity irrespective of placenta accreata.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the perinatal morbidity associated with multiple repeat cesarean deliveries (CD) and, thus, to achieve a body of evidence for the current practice of discouraging pregnancy after undergoing three CDs.

Patients And Methods: This study prospectively reviewed a total of 500 women who consecutively underwent CD between January 1, 2009 and April 1, 2009. The patients were allocated into four groups based on the number of CDs they had undergone (Group 1: first CD, Group 2: second CD, Group 3: third CD, Group 4: fourth CD).

Comparison of serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor levels between preterm and term births.

Objective: Preterm birth (PTB) is the major obstetric problem in developed countries, accounting for the majority of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a hematopoietic cytokine that mediates the increase in leukocytes in pregnancy and may play a role in placentation. We aimed to investigate the differences of serum G-CSF levels between subsequent spontaneous PTB and term-delivered healthy pregnant women.

Low VEGF expression in conceptus material and maternal serum AFP and β-hCG levels as indicators of defective angiogenesis in first-trimester miscarriages.

Objective: The aims of this study were to assess the relationship between early miscarriages and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and to determine the serum levels of first-trimester maternal alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) as markers of angiogenesis and predictors of abortion and intrauterine fetal loss.

Material And Methods: The present study was a prospective, single-center, randomized controlled clinical trial. Ninety-five women who were 6-10 weeks pregnant between May and June 2010 were included in the study.