Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of FOLFIRI-Based First-Line Regimens for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Using Clinical Decision Analysis.

Objective: Metastatic colorectal cancer with KRAS wild type is treated using a range of drug regimens, including fluorouracil, irinotecan, and Leucovorin(FOLFIRI)plus bevacizumab(Bmab), cetuximab(Cmab), or panitumumab(Pmab). The present study aimed to identify the optimal regimen using a decision analysis method, in combination with clinical and economic evidence.

Method: A simple Markov model with a monthly cycle time was constructed.

Acetylcholine release from striatal cholinergic interneurons is controlled differently depending on the firing pattern.

How is the quantal size in neurotransmitter release adjusted for various firing levels? We explored the possible mechanisms that regulate acetylcholine (ACh) release from cholinergic interneurons using an ultra-mini superfusion system. After preloading [ H]ACh in rat striatal cholinergic interneurons, the release was elicited by electrical stimulation under a condition in which presynaptic cholinergic and dopaminergic feedback was inhibited. [ H]ACh release was reproducible at intervals of more than 10 min; shorter intervals resulted in reduced levels of ACh release.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitor Palbociclib for Inoperable or Recurrent Breast Cancer.

Background: Palbociclib and endocrine therapy has been approved to treat hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative inoperable or recurrent breast cancer in Japan. However, this cotherapy imposes an economic burden on both patients and society because of its high cost. In this study, we assessed the cost-effectiveness of cotherapy with palbociclib and fulvestrant compared to fulvestrant monotherapy for inoperable or recurrent breast cancer.

Direct Enhancement Effect of Hippocampal Cholinergic Neurostimulating Peptide on Cholinergic Activity in the Hippocampus.

The cholinergic efferent network from the medial septal nucleus to the hippocampus is crucial for learning and memory. This study aimed to clarify whether hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide (HCNP) has a rescue function in the cholinergic dysfunction of HCNP precursor protein (HCNP-pp) conditional knockout (cKO). Chemically synthesized HCNP or a vehicle were continuously administered into the cerebral ventricle of HCNP-pp cKO mice and littermate floxed (control) mice for two weeks via osmotic pumps.