NANOPARTICLES AND COLORECTAL CANCER: CAN THE USE OF METAL NANOPARTICLE COMPOSITIONS AFFECT OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS AND COLON HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES UNDER DMH-INDUCED CARCINOGENESIS.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) - a significant global health challenge. Exploring biological markers of oxidative stress is crucial, as they can play an essential role in initiating the transition from an organ's "healthy state" to a "malignant injury." There is substantial promise in investigating the level of 8-isoprostane (8-isoPGF2α) as a novel and dependable marker of oxidative stress.

Crystal structures of the complexes containing macrocyclic cations [(cyclam)] ( = Ni, Zn) and tetra-iodido-cadmate(2-) anion.

The asymmetric units of the isostructural compounds (1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane-κ )nickel(II) tetra-iodido-cadmate(II), [Ni(CHN)][CdI] (), and tri-iodido-1κ -μ-iodido-(1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane-2κ )cad-mium(II)zinc(II), [CdZnI(CHN)] () (CHN = 1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane, cyclam, ), consist of the centrosymmetric macrocyclic cation [()] [ = Ni or Zn] with the metal ion lying on a twofold screw axis, and the tetra-iodo-cadmate anion [CdI] located on the mirror plane. In , the anion acts as an uncoordinated counter-ion while in it is bound to the Zn atom one of the iodide atoms, thus forming an electroneutral heterobimetallic complex [Zn()(CdI)]. The Ni and Zn ions are coordinated in a square-planar manner by the four secondary N atoms of the macrocyclic ligand , which adopts the most energetically stable -III conformation.

Synthesis and crystal structure of di-aqua-(1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-deca-ne)zinc(II) bis-(hydrogen 4-phospho-natobiphenyl-4'-carboxyl-ato)(1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-deca-ne)zinc(II).

In the asymmetric unit of the title compound, -di-aqua-(1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane-κ , , , )zinc(II) -bis-(hydrogen 4-phospho-natobiphenyl-4'-carboxyl-ato-κ)(1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane-κ , , , )zinc(II), [Zn(CHN)(HO)][Zn(CHOP)(CHN)], both Zn atoms lie on crystallographic inversion centres and the atoms of the macrocycle in the cation are disordered over two sets of sites. In both macrocyclic units, the metal ions possess a tetra-gonally elongated ZnNO octa-hedral environment formed by the four secondary N atoms of the macrocyclic ligand in the equatorial plane and the two O atoms of the water mol-ecules or anions in the axial positions, with the macrocyclic ligands adopting the most energetically favourable -III conformation. The average Zn-N bond lengths in both macrocyclic units do not differ significantly [2.

Crystal structure of -di-aqua-(1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-undeca-ne)nickel(II) bis-(pyridine-2,6-di-carboxyl-ato)nickel(II).

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, -di-aqua-(1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-undecane-κ , , , )nickel(II) bis-(pyridine-2,6-di-carboxyl-ato-κ ,, )nickel(II) {[Ni()(HO)][Ni(pdc)] where = 1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-undecane (CHN) and pdc = the dianion of pyridine-2,6-di-carb-oxy-lic acid (CHNO )} consists of an [Ni()(HO)] complex cation and a [Ni(pdc)] anion. The metal ion in the cation is coordinated by the four N atoms of the tetra-amine ligand and the mutually O atoms of the water mol-ecules in a tetra-gonally elongated octa-hedral geometry with the average equatorial Ni-N bond length slightly shorter than the average axial Ni-O bond [2.087 (4) 2.

Crystal structure of [{[Ni(CHN)][Ni(CN)]}·2HO] , a one-dimensional coordination polymer formed from the [Ni(cyclam)] cation and the [Ni(CN)] anion.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, -poly[[[(1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane-κ , , , )nickel(II)]-μ-cyanido-κ :-[bis-(cyanido-κ)nickel(II)]-μ-cyanido-κ :] dihydrate], {[Ni(CN)(CHN)]·2HO] or [{[Ni(CHN)][Ni(CN)]}·2HO] , consists of a pair of crystallographically non-equivalent macrocyclic cations and anions. The nickel(II) ions (all with site symmetry ) are coordinated by the four secondary N atoms of the macrocyclic ligands, which adopt the most energetically stable -III conformation, and the mutually N atoms of the tetra-cyano-nickelate anion in a slightly tetra-gonally distorted NiN octa-hedral coordination geometry. The [Ni(CN))] anion exhibits a bridging function, resulting in the formation of parallel polymeric chains running along the [10] direction.