Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites and Their Role in the Pathogenesis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review.

: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease that occurs predominantly in premature infants and is characterized by the inflammation and necrosis of the intestine, showing high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite decades of research efforts, a specific treatment is currently lacking, and preventive strategies are the mainstays of care. This review aims to help understand the complex interplay between gut microbiota and their metabolites in NEC pathogenesis.

Ototoxic and nephrotoxic drugs in neonatal intensive care units: results of a Spanish and Italian survey.

Unlabelled: Neonates face heightened susceptibility to drug toxicity, often exposed to off-label medications with dosages extrapolated from adult or pediatric studies. Premature infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) are particularly at risk due to underdeveloped pharmacokinetics and exposure to multiple drugs. The study aimed to survey commonly used medications with a higher risk of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity in Spanish and Italian neonatal units.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: automatic lung and liver MRI segmentation with nnU-Net, reproducibility of pyradiomics features, and a machine learning application for the classification of liver herniation.

Prenatal assessment of lung size and liver position is essential to stratify congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) fetuses in risk categories, guiding counseling, and patient management. Manual segmentation on fetal MRI provides a quantitative estimation of total lung volume and liver herniation. However, it is time-consuming and operator-dependent.

Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Reduce the Severity of Experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis in a Concentration-Dependent Manner.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gut disease in preterm neonates. In NEC animal models, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) administration has reduced the incidence and severity of NEC. We developed and characterized a novel mouse model of NEC to evaluate the effect of human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBM-MSCs) in tissue regeneration and epithelial gut repair.

Viscoelastic coagulation testing in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: advantages and pitfalls in clinical practice.

The expression "developmental hemostasis" indicates the age-related physiological changes occurring during the maturational process of the hemostatic system. Despite the quantitative and qualitative alterations, the neonatal hemostatic system is competent and well-balanced. Conventional coagulation tests do not provide reliable information as they only explore the procoagulants during the neonatal period.