What makes human cortical pyramidal neurons functionally complex.

Humans exhibit unique cognitive abilities within the animal kingdom, but the neural mechanisms driving these advanced capabilities remain poorly understood. Human cortical neurons differ from those of other species, such as rodents, in both their morphological and physiological characteristics. Could the distinct properties of human cortical neurons help explain the superior cognitive capabilities of humans? Understanding this relationship requires a metric to quantify how neuronal properties contribute to the functional complexity of single neurons, yet no such standardized measure currently exists.

Periodontal Disease and Its Association with Metabolic Syndrome-A Comprehensive Review.

Periodontal disease is a complex and progressive chronic inflammatory condition that leads to the loss of alveolar bone and teeth. It has been associated with various systemic diseases, including diabetes mellitus and obesity, among others. Some of these conditions are part of the metabolic syndrome cluster, a group of interconnected systemic diseases that significantly raise the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and stroke.

Cloning, purification and characterization of human dentine matrix protein 1(DMP1).

Introduction: Human teeth are composed mainly of dentin, formed by the odontoblasts. Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) is one of odontoblast differentiation's most important growth factors. Human DMP1 has yet to be completely identified or studied.

Early antitumor activity of oral Langerhans cells is compromised by a carcinogen.

Early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains an unmet clinical need. Therefore, elucidating the initial events of OSCC preceding tumor development could benefit OSCC prognosis. Here, we define the Langerhans cells (LCs) of the tongue and demonstrate that LCs protect the epithelium from carcinogen-induced OSCC by rapidly priming αβT cells capable of eliminating γH2AX epithelial cells, whereas γδT and natural killer cells are dispensable.

Orthodontic force and extracorporeal shock wave therapy: Assessment of orthodontic tooth movement and bone morphometry in a rat model.

Objective: The objective was to investigate the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on the magnitude of orthodontic tooth movement, in a rat model, based on a previously established treatment protocol.

Design: In conjunction with orthodontic force commencement, rats underwent ESWT. The amount of tooth movement along with different microarchitectural parameters were measured after three weeks by means of microcomputed tomography.