Transcriptional Cofactors for Thyroid Hormone Receptors.

Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential throughout life. Its actions are mediated primarily by the thyroid hormone receptor (THR), which is a nuclear receptor. Classically, the THRs act as inducible transcription factors.

Nuclear Receptor Corepressors NCOR1 and SMRT Regulate Metabolism via Intestinal Regulation of Carbohydrate Transport.

Nuclear receptor action is mediated in part by the nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCOR1) and the silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT). NCOR1 and SMRT regulate metabolic pathways that govern body mass, insulin sensitivity, and energy expenditure, representing an understudied area in the realm of metabolic health and disease. Previously, we found that NCOR1 and SMRT are essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and their knockout (KO) leads to rapid weight loss and hypoglycemia, which is not survivable.

Lactational exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate remains a potential risk in brain function of middle-aged male mice.

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exerts adverse effects on neuronal development in young population. Limited evidences have shown that early-life PFOS exposure holds a potential risk for developing age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease later in life. The present study investigated the effects of lactational PFOS exposure on cognitive function using one-year-old mice.

Protective Effects of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on the Degenerated Meniscus in a Rat Model.

Background: Loss of meniscal function in association with degenerative changes affects the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis, for which there is currently no effective treatment. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is an established treatment for musculoskeletal disorders. However, the therapeutic effect of ESWT on meniscal degeneration remains unclear.