Patient doses from medical examinations in Russia: 2009-2015.

The aim of this study was to evaluate adult patient doses in Russia in the context of patient protection. Effective doses from x-ray and nuclear medicine examinations were assessed using two approaches. The first was based on data collection performed by the authors in hospitals in St.

INVESTIGATION OF PARTIAL VOLUME EFFECT IN DIFFERENT PET/CT SYSTEMS: A COMPARISON OF RESULTS USING THE MADEIRA PHANTOM AND THE NEMA NU-2 2001 PHANTOM.

Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) is a quantitative technique used for diagnosing various diseases and for monitoring treatment response for different types of tumours. However, the accuracy of the data is limited by the spatial resolution of the system. In addition, the so-called partial volume effect (PVE) causes a blurring of image structures, which in turn may cause an underestimation of activity of a structure with high-activity content.

Russian practical guidance on radiological support for justification of X-ray and nuclear medicine examinations.

An important part of the justification process is assessment of the radiation risks caused by exposure of a patient during examination. The authors developed official national methodology both for medical doctors and sanitary inspectors called 'assessment of radiation risks of patients undergoing diagnostic examinations with the use of ionizing radiation'. The document addresses patients of various age groups and a wide spectrum of modern X-ray and nuclear medicine examinations.

Nuclear medicine examinations of children in Russia.

The number and specification of radionuclide examinations, administrated activity and effective doses were collected during 2011-13 for 4944 paediatric patients from 10 nuclear medicine (NM) departments of some Russian regions. The kidney examinations account for about 70 % of paediatric NM examinations in general hospitals. Diagnostics of all other organs contribute from 2 to 8 % each in the total number of paediatric examinations.

Release criteria for patients having undergone radionuclide therapy and criteria for their crossing the state border of the Russian Federation.

By means of a conservative dosimetry model, the values of operational radiological criteria for patients released from hospital--residual activity in a body and dose rate near the patient's body--are substantiated based on the effective dose limit of 5 mSv for persons helping the patient or living with him and 1 mSv for other adults and children. Two sets of operative criteria for radionuclides (125)I, (131)I, (153)Sm and (188)Re used in Russia for radionuclide therapy were derived. Release criteria for (125)I well differ from such values in other countries because in this work absorption of (125)I low-energy photon radiation in the patient was taken into account.