Antiviral drug Umifenovir (Arbidol) in municipal wastewater during the COVID-19 pandemic: Estimated levels and transformation.

An indole derivative umifenovir (Arbidol) is one of the most widely used antiviral drugs for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and some other viral infections. The purpose of the present study was to shed light on the transformation processes of umifenovir in municipal wastewater, including disinfection with active chlorine, as well as to assess the levels of the antiviral drug and its metabolites entering and accumulating in natural reservoirs under conditions of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The combination of high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization high-resolution mass-spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used for tentative identification and quantification of umifenovir and its transformation products in model reaction mixtures and real samples of wastewater, river water, biological sludge and bottom sediments taken at the wastewater treatment plant in Arkhangelsk, a large cultural and industrial center at the Russian North.

Ionic liquid matrices for MALDI mass spectrometry of lignin.

The use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the study of lignin is still extremely limited due to its low ionization efficiency. We have developed an approach for obtaining high-intensity MALDI mass spectra of lignin, based on the use of ionic liquids as matrices. Thirty-two ionic liquids consisting of large nitrogen-containing cations and anions of aromatic acids, traditionally used as crystalline matrices, were tested.

[Immunodiagnostic methods in interpreting an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus infection].

In the determination of the etiology of the outbreak of respiratory viral diseases, caused mainly by respiratory syncytial (RS) virus, on the basis of the comparison of the results of different laboratory tests and some epidemiological and clinical data high specificity of the detection of RS virus antigen and antibodies to it by means of erythrocyte diagnostica (newly developed antibody and commercial antigenic preparations) has been revealed. In the epidemiological situations the rapid methods of the detection of viral antigen are of prime importance.

[Functional activity of glycoproteins from interepidemic isolates of the influenza virus].

The results of the study into the function of glycoproteins of influenza viruses isolated in the 1987 interepidemic period. Natural isolates were found to have virus particles with deficient neuraminidase activity but retained hemolytic and infectious activity. Biological sequences of the lack of neuraminidase activity in the isolates consisted in disorders of sialic acid metabolism in the infected cells, blocking of the receptor site of hemagglutinin and increased sensitivity to inhibitors.

[Epidemiological surveillance of influenza based on research data on collective immunity].

In 1976-1984 the dynamic study of communal immunity to influenza A and B virus strains was made with the aim of the etiological prognostication of influenza epidemic. On the basis of the study of the immune status of the adult and child population to the virus strains, actually circulating in October-November, the possibility of prognosing the tendency in the development of the epidemiological situation in influenza in the following year was established.