Experimental study of the topological flow transformations in an aerial vortex bioreactor with a floating washer.

Background: Research into the flow structure in an aerial vortex bioreactor is relevant for developing the methods for growing cell cultures. Determining the optimal cultivation condition for a certain process is especially important in the case when such parameters of the medium as density and viscosity significantly change with the culture growth in the bioreactor.

Methods And Results: The research of the flow dynamic was carried out in an 8.

Magnetotransport in Graphene/PbSnTe Heterostructures: Finding a Way to Avoid Catastrophe.

While heterostructures are ubiquitous tools enabling new physics and device functionalities, the palette of available materials has never been richer. Combinations of two emerging material classes, two-dimensional materials and topological materials, are particularly promising because of the wide range of possible permutations that are easily accessible. Individually, both graphene and PbSnTe (PST) are widely investigated for spintronic applications because graphene's high carrier mobility and PST's topologically protected surface states are attractive platforms for spin transport.

Ocular counter-roll is less affected in experienced versus novice space crew after long-duration spaceflight.

Otoliths are the primary gravity sensors of the vestibular system and are responsible for the ocular counter-roll (OCR). This compensatory eye torsion ensures gaze stabilization and is sensitive to a head roll with respect to gravity and the Gravito-Inertial Acceleration vector during, e.g.

The Role of Different Afferent Systems in the Modulation of the Otolith-Ocular Reflex After Long-Term Space Flights.

Background: The vestibular (otolith) function is highly suppressed during space flight (SF) and the study of these changes is very important for the safety of the space crew during SF missions. The vestibular function (particularly, otolith-ocular reflex-OOcR) in clinical and space medicine is studied using different methodologies. However, different methods and methodologies can influence the outcome results.

Dual vortex breakdown in a two-fluid whirlpool.

Looking for an optimal flow shape for culture growth in vortex bioreactors, an intriguing and impressive structure has been observed that mimics the strong swirling flows in the atmosphere (tornado) and ocean (waterspout). To better understand the flow nature and topology, this experimental study explores the development of vortex breakdown (VB) in a lab-scale swirling flow of two immiscible fluids filling a vertical cylindrical container. The rotating bottom disk drives the circulation of both fluids while the sidewall is stationary.