Patient Preferences for Ulcerative Colitis Treatment in the Middle East Region: A Discrete-Choice Experiment.

Background And Aims: Treatments for ulcerative colitis (UC) differ in safety, efficacy, and route of administration; patient preferences for treatment attributes should be considered in treatment decisions. No study to date has explored patient preferences for moderate-to-severe UC treatment in Middle Eastern countries.

Methods: A discrete-choice experiment aimed to quantify treatment preferences in patients with moderate-to-severe UC in 5 Middle Eastern countries (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, and Lebanon).

Simultaneous separation and detection of monochloramine, nitrite, and nitrate by step-gradient mixed-mode ion chromatography: Translation from benchtop to portable ion chromatograph.

Background: Nitrite (NO) and nitrate (NO) can be produced in the distribution systems of chloraminated drinking water due to the nitrification of ammonia. The most applied inorganic chloramine for this purpose, namely monochloramine (NHCl), is also released into aquatic environments from water treatment plants' effluent and within industrial waste streams. Within the treatment process, the continuous monitoring of disinfectant levels is necessary to limit the harmful disinfectant by-product (DBP) formation.

Application of a portable ion chromatograph for real-time field analysis of nitrite and nitrate in soils and soil pore waters.

Real-time monitoring of nitrite and nitrate is crucial for maintaining soil health and promoting plant growth. In this study, a portable ion-chromatograph (IC, Aquamonitrix) analyser, coupled with a field-applicable ultrasonic-assisted extraction method, was utilised for in-field determination of nitrate and nitrite in soils. This is the first application of this type of analyser to soil nutrients.