Intra- and interobserver agreement in evaluation of image-defined risk factors on computed tomography in pediatric neuroblastoma.

Background: Image-defined risk factors (IDRFs) were introduced to provide a consensus approach for pre-treatment risk stratification on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with neuroblastoma.

Objective: To assess the intra- and inter-reader agreement of radiologists in identifying IDRFs on CT.

Materials And Methods: Approval for this retrospective study was granted by our institutional research ethics board with a waiver of consent.

Achievements, Challenges, and Future Direction in Early Life Nutrition.

Malnutrition is present in most countries of the world. This ranges from general undernutrition due to insufficient food, or poor-quality diets low in some essential nutrients, to overnutrition and obesity with energy-rich but nutrient-poor diets. The fundamental aim of dietary recommendations is to prevent deficiency diseases, and the assumptions which underpin these recommendations need to be understood when considering what advice to give to the general public or individual patients.

Red blood cell passage through deformable interendothelial slits in the spleen: Insights into splenic filtration and hemodynamics.

The spleen constantly clears altered red blood cells (RBCs) from the circulation, tuning the balance between RBC formation (erythropoiesis) and removal. The retention and elimination of RBCs occur predominantly in the open circulation of the spleen, where RBCs must cross submicron-wide inter-endothelial slits (IES). Several experimental and computational studies have illustrated the role of IES in filtrating the biomechanically and morphologically altered RBCs based on a rigid wall assumption.

Practices of assessment of pain, sedation, iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome, and delirium in European paediatric intensive care units: A secondary analysis of the European Prevalence of Acute Rehab for Kids in the paediatric intensive care unit study.

Background: Analgosedation is standard practice to ensure comfort and safety of critically ill children in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs). However, a significant number of children develop iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome or delirium with these drugs. The European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care published a position statement in 2016, but how successfully its recommendations have been implemented is unknown.