Crop rotation and inoculation increase soil bradyrhizobia population, soybean grain yields, and profitability.

Crop rotation and rhizobial inoculation are strategies to increase yield by means of organic matter addition and modulation of microbial diversity. However, the extent to which these agricultural practices change soil Bradyrhizobium populations, soybean grain yield, and economic benefits to farmers is unclear. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the interaction between crop rotation and inoculation of soybean (Glycine max) cultivated in two contrasting soils (clayey and sandy soil) on biological nitrogen fixation components, grain yields, and profits.

The diversification of species in crop rotation increases the profitability of grain production systems.

Crop rotation with species diversification contributes to the control of pests, diseases and weeds and improves soil fertility and conservation, which can lead to increased profitability in grain production systems. The objectives of this study were to determine whether grain production systems that employ crop rotation with species diversification are more productive and profitable than double-cropping rotations without diversification and to analyze the revenues and production costs of these cropping systems. An experiment was conducted in a region with subtropical climate between the crop years of 2014-2015 and 2019-2020.

Professional and informal help-seeking among low-income adolescents exposed to violence in the community and at school.

Background: Adolescents may seek help for many reasons beyond health needs, such as personal stress due to violence exposure.

Objective: To investigate factors associated with receiving professional assistance and informal help due to violence exposure in the community and at school.

Participants And Setting: This study was conducted in Itaboraí, a low-income medium-size city in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil, characterized by poverty, inequality and violence.

Home, school, and community violence exposure and emotional and conduct problems among low-income adolescents: the moderating role of age and sex.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess whether violence exposure is associated with emotional/conduct problems, when adjusting for confounders/covariates and controlling for comorbidity, and to investigate interactions between violence exposure and sex and/or age.

Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated a community-based sample of 669 in-school 11-15-year-olds. A three-stage probabilistic sampling plan included a random selection of census units, eligible households, and target child.

The Child Mental Health Treatment Gap in an Urban Low-Income Setting: Multisectoral Service Use and Correlates.

Objective: To efficiently target capacity-building efforts for child mental health services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), it is critical to define how care is structured across sectors and individual-level factors.

Methods: In a community-based sample of 1,408 children and adolescents (ages 6-15 years) from Itaboraí, Brazil, the authors assessed need and service use across four care systems (mental health specialty, health, welfare, and informal). Individual-level factors included child gender and age, maternal perception of child mental health need, paternal absence, maternal education, and maternal anxiety and depression.