Publications by authors named "I A Alexandrov"
Great apes have maintained a stable karyotype with few large-scale rearrangements; in contrast, gibbons have undergone a high rate of chromosomal rearrangements coincident with rapid centromere turnover. Here we characterize assembled centromeres in the Eastern hoolock gibbon, (HLE), finding a diverse group of transposable elements (TEs) that differ from the canonical alpha satellites found across centromeres of other apes. We find that HLE centromeres contain a CpG methylation centromere dip region, providing evidence this epigenetic feature is conserved in the absence of satellite arrays; nevertheless, we report a variety of atypical centromeric features, including protein-coding genes and mismatched replication timing.
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- Apes have two sex chromosomes: the essential Y chromosome for male reproduction and the X chromosome necessary for both reproduction and cognition, with differences in mating patterns affecting their function.
- Studying these chromosomes is challenging due to their repetitive structures, but researchers created gapless assemblies for five great apes and one lesser ape to explore their evolutionary complexities.
- The Y chromosomes are highly variable and undergo significant changes compared to the more stable X chromosomes, and this research can provide insights into human evolution and aid in the conservation of endangered ape species.
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- The study focuses on the genomic structure of crab-eating and rhesus macaques, addressing the need for better understanding of their genetic differences and similarities.
- Researchers provide a complete genome assembly for the crab-eating macaque and 20 haplotype-resolved assemblies to explore significant genomic variations between the two species and their implications.
- Findings include that macaques have lower segmental duplication and longer centromeres than humans, as well as differences in genetic variants and alternative splicing, which may relate to metabolic and evolutionary traits, enhancing their use in biomedical research.
Article Synopsis
- Human centromeres are challenging to sequence due to their large size and repetitive nature, limiting our understanding of their variation and evolutionary function.
- Using long-read sequencing, researchers completely sequenced and assembled all centromeres from a second human genome, revealing a significant increase in genetic variation and size differences between centromeres.
- Comparative analysis of centromeric sequences across species, including humans and great apes, highlights the rapid evolution of α-satellite DNA and suggests limited recombination between chromosome arms, aiding in studying centromeric DNA evolution.
Titanium alloys have high specific strength and corrosion resistance, which have promising applications in industry. However, the machinability of titanium alloys is limited due to their crystal lattice and physical properties. Thus, in recent years, the superplastic forming of titanium alloys has been intensively developing, in particular, forming at low temperatures and/or high strain rates.
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