ChatGPT versus clinician: challenging the diagnostic capabilities of artificial intelligence in dermatology.

Background: ChatGPT is an online language-based platform designed to answer questions in a human-like way, using deep learning -technology.

Objectives: To examine the diagnostic capabilities of ChatGPT using real-world anonymized medical dermatology cases.

Methods: Clinical information from 90 consecutive patients referred to a single dermatology emergency clinic between June and December 2022 were examined.

Efficient triaging of advice and guidance referrals using teledermatology via the UK National Health Service e-Referral service platform: reporting positive outcomes from the COVID era.

Background: Substantial increases in the implementation and use of dermatology advice and guidance (A&G) services has been a legacy of the COVID pandemic.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact that a 45-month period of A&G use had on the health service outcomes in a university teaching hospital dermatology department.

Methods: A&G data for June in 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 were retrospectively analysed.

Association of Clinical and Demographic Factors With the Severity of Palmoplantar Pustulosis.

Importance: Although palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) can significantly impact quality of life, the factors underlying disease severity have not been studied.

Objective: To examine the factors associated with PPP severity.

Design, Setting, And Participants: An observational, cross-sectional study of 2 cohorts was conducted.

Loss-of-Function Myeloperoxidase Mutations Are Associated with Increased Neutrophil Counts and Pustular Skin Disease.

The identification of disease alleles underlying human autoinflammatory diseases can provide important insights into the mechanisms that maintain neutrophil homeostasis. Here, we focused our attention on generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), a potentially life-threatening disorder presenting with cutaneous and systemic neutrophilia. Following the whole-exome sequencing of 19 unrelated affected individuals, we identified a subject harboring a homozygous splice-site mutation (c.

Genome-wide association study in frontal fibrosing alopecia identifies four susceptibility loci including HLA-B*07:02.

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a recently described inflammatory and scarring type of hair loss affecting almost exclusively women. Despite a dramatic recent increase in incidence the aetiopathogenesis of FFA remains unknown. We undertake genome-wide association studies in females from a UK cohort, comprising 844 cases and 3,760 controls, a Spanish cohort of 172 cases and 385 controls, and perform statistical meta-analysis.

Clinical and genetic differences between pustular psoriasis subtypes.

Background: The term pustular psoriasis indicates a group of severe skin disorders characterized by eruptions of neutrophil-filled pustules. The disease, which often manifests with concurrent psoriasis vulgaris, can have an acute systemic (generalized pustular psoriasis [GPP]) or chronic localized (palmoplantar pustulosis [PPP] and acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau [ACH]) presentation. Although mutations have been uncovered in IL36RN and AP1S3, the rarity of the disease has hindered the study of genotype-phenotype correlations.

Coloured sweat in two brothers: First report of familial chromhidrosis.

The uncommon diagnosis of chromhidrosis is most frequently made in young adults. This sweat gland disease, although benign, may impact significantly on the patient's quality of life. We describe the first report of familial chromhidrosis of pseudo-eccrine type (pseudochromhidrosis) occurring in two brothers aged 9 and 12 years.

Unilateral Beau's lines associated with a fractured olecranon.

We report a case of unilateral Beau's lines developing after an olecranon fracture of the right elbow. Unilateral Beau's lines are an uncommon phenomenon but have been previously reported after trauma to the wrist, hands, forearm and elbow.

Clinical improvement in Darier's disease with photodynamic therapy.

We report a patient with Darier's disease successfully treated with photodynamic therapy. She had previously been recalcitrant to treatment with emollients, topical corticosteroids and retinoids. Photodynamic therapy was trialled with significant clinical improvement in her cutaneous symptoms and signs that was maintained for over 27 months.

The cutaneous biochemical redox barrier: a component of the innate immune defenses against sensitization by highly reactive environmental xenobiotics.

Contact allergy to environmental xenobiotics is a common and important problem, but it is unclear why some chemicals are potent sensitizers and others weak/nonsensitizers. We explored this by investigating why similar chemicals, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and 2,4-dinitrothiocyanobenzene (DNTB), differ in their ability to induce contact hypersensitivity (CHS). DNCB induced CHS in humans, whereas at similar doses DNTB did not.

Investigation of mechanisms underlying the T-cell response to the hapten 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene.

T-cell mediated contact sensitization by small molecular weight xenobiotics results in significant morbidity and absences from work. To be recognized by T-cells, xenobiotics must act as haptens, becoming protein-bound. At present, the requirement for processing and presentation of xenobiotics, the nature of the T-cell responses to them and the mechanisms that confer individual susceptibility in humans are unclear.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and their relevance to dermatology.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and are expressed in a variety of tissues including skin and cells of the immune system. They act as ligand-dependent transcription factors which heterodimerize with retinoid X receptors to allow binding to and activation of PPAR responsive genes. Through this mechanism, PPAR ligands can control a wide range of physiological processes.