Automated Comprehensive CT Assessment of the Risk of Diabetes and Associated Cardiometabolic Conditions.

Background CT performed for various clinical indications has the potential to predict cardiometabolic diseases. However, the predictive ability of individual CT parameters remains underexplored. Purpose To evaluate the ability of automated CT-derived markers to predict diabetes and associated cardiometabolic comorbidities.

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease is associated with colorectal adenomas in young and older Korean adults.

Background And Aims: Given that the majority of colorectal cancers (CRCs) develop from high-risk adenomas, identifying risk factors for high-risk adenomas is important. The relationship between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and the risk of colorectal adenoma in young adults remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate this relationship in adults <50 (younger) and ≥50 (older) years of age.

Development and Evaluation of Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Improving Oral Absorption of Poorly Water-Soluble Olaparib.

The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) to improve the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble olaparib. Through the solubility test of olaparib in various oils, surfactants and co-surfactants, pharmaceutical excipients were selected. Self-emulsifying regions were identified by mixing the selected materials at various ratios, and a pseudoternary phase diagram was constructed by synthesizing these results.

Association of changes in sleep duration and quality with incidence of depression: A cohort study.

Background: The longitudinal relationship between sleep duration, sleep quality, and their changes with the risk of depressive symptoms is unclear. We examined the association between sleep duration, sleep quality, and their changes with incident depressive symptoms.

Methods: A total of 225,915 Korean adults without depression at baseline with a mean age of 38.

Persistence or regression of prediabetes and coronary artery calcification among adults without diabetes.

Objective: The effect of changes in glycemic status on subclinical atherosclerosis is uncertain. We assessed the association of persistence, regression, or progression of prediabetes with coronary artery calcium score (CACS) as a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis.

Design: A cross-sectional study, comprising 126 765 adults, and longitudinal sub-study, comprising 40 622 adults (with baseline and at least 1 follow-up computed tomography scan to assess changes in CACS), were undertaken.

Risk of CKD Following Detection of Microscopic Hematuria: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Rationale & Objective: Microscopic hematuria is an uncertain risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated the association between persistent or single episodes of microscopic hematuria and the development of incident CKD, overall and separately among men and women.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Age-stratified effects of coronary artery calcification on cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality in Korean adults.

Aims: The role of coronary artery calcium score (CACS) in predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-CVD mortality in young adults is unclear. We investigated the association of CACS with CVD and non-CVD mortality in young and older individuals.

Methods And Results: CVD-free Koreans (n = 160 821; mean age, 41.

Prediabetes diagnosis is associated with the progression of coronary artery calcification: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study.

Aim: To investigate the associations between prediabetes defined by different diagnostic criteria and coronary artery calcification (CAC) and its progression over time.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study included 146 436 Korean adults without diabetes who underwent CAC estimation computed tomography (CT) during health examinations from 2011 to 2019. We used multinomial logistic regression models.

Skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio as a predictor of NAFLD in lean and overweight men and women with effect modification by sex.

The effect of sarcopenic visceral obesity on the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is uncertain. We investigated (a) whether the skeletal muscle mass to visceral fat area ratio (SV ratio), as a measure of sarcopenic visceral obesity, is a risk factor for NAFLD; and (b) whether the SV ratio adds to conventional adiposity measures to improve prediction of incident NAFLD. Adults without NAFLD (n = 151,017) were followed up for a median of 3.

Low heart rate variability from 10-s electrocardiograms is associated with development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) is reflective of autonomic imbalance. However, its impact on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unknown. We investigated the association between 10-s HRV and incident NAFLD.

Decrease in Sleep Duration and Poor Sleep Quality over Time Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Incident Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

The impact of changes in sleep duration and sleep quality over time on the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not known. We investigated whether changes in sleep duration and in sleep quality between baseline and follow-up are associated with the risk of developing incident NAFLD. The cohort study included 86,530 Korean adults without NAFLD and with a low fibrosis score at baseline.

The fasciola cinereum subregion of the hippocampus is important for the acquisition of visual contextual memory.

The fasciola cinereum (FC) is a subregion of the hippocampus that has received relatively little attention compared with other hippocampal subregions with respect to anatomical characteristics and functional significance. Here, we show that the FC exhibits clear anatomical borders with the distalmost region of the CA1. Principal neurons in the FC resemble the granule cells in the dentate gyrus (DG).

Sleep Duration, Sleep Quality, and the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cohort Study.

Introduction: The longitudinal relationship between sleep duration, sleep quality, and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unknown. We aimed to examine the association between sleep duration, sleep quality, and NAFLD development.

Methods: Using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, sleep duration and quality were evaluated for 143,306 NAFLD-free Korean adults with a mean age of 36.

Intermediate Phase-Free Process for Methylammonium Lead Iodide Thin Film for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells.

Solvent engineering by Lewis-base solvent and anti-solvent is well known for forming uniform and stable perovskite thin films. The perovskite phase crystallizes from an intermediate Lewis-adduct upon annealing-induced crystallization. Herein, it is explored the effects of trimethyl phosphate (TMP), as a novel aprotic Lewis-base solvent with a low donor number for the perovskite film formation and photovoltaic characteristics of perovskite solar cells (PSCs).

Fatty liver disease and changes in dense breasts in pre- and postmenopausal women: the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study.

Purpose: While increased breast density is a risk factor for breast cancer, the effect of fatty liver disease on breast density is unknown. We investigated whether fatty liver is a risk factor for changes in breast density over ~ 4 years of follow-up in pre- and postmenopausal women.

Methods: This study included 74,781 middle-aged Korean women with mammographically determined dense breasts at baseline.

Regulatory Effect of Cannabidiol (CBD) on Decreased β-Catenin Expression in Alopecia Models by Testosterone and PMA Treatment in Dermal Papilla Cells.

Objectives: The hair follicle is composed of more than 20 kinds of cells, and mesoderm derived dermal papilla cells and keratinocytes cooperatively contribute hair growth via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. We are to investigate β-catenin expression and regulatory mechanism by CBD in alopecia hair tissues and dermal papilla cells.

Methods: We performed structural and anatomical analyses on alopecia patients derived hair tissues using microscopes.

Glycemic Status, Insulin Resistance, and the Risk of Nephrolithiasis: A Cohort Study.

Rationale & Objective: The effect of glycemic status on nephrolithiasis risk remains controversial. This study sought to examine the association of glycemic status and insulin resistance with incident nephrolithiasis.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study.

Attitudes of Korean smokers towards smoke-free public places: findings from the longitudinal ITC Korea Survey, 2005-2010.

Objective: Prior to December 2012, restaurants in South Korea were required to implement only partial smoking bans. This study documents the changes in Korean smokers' attitudes towards smoking bans between 2005 and 2010 and explores the effects of anti-smoking advertising as a correlate of support for total smoking bans in public places.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study of Korean adult smokers.

Low Levels of Alcohol Consumption, Obesity, and Development of Fatty Liver With and Without Evidence of Advanced Fibrosis.

Background And Aims: The effects of low-level alcohol consumption on fatty liver disease and the potential for effect modification by obesity is uncertain. We investigated associations among low-level alcohol consumption, obesity status, and the development of incident hepatic steatosis (HS), either with or without an increase in noninvasive liver fibrosis score category (from low to intermediate or high category).

Approach And Results: A total of 190,048 adults without HS and a low probability of fibrosis with alcohol consumption less than 30 g/day (men) and less than 20 g/day (women) were followed for up to 15.

Nano-Cracked Strain Sensor with High Sensitivity and Linearity by Controlling the Crack Arrangement.

Studies on wearable sensors that monitor various movements by attaching them to a body have received considerable attention. Crack-based strain sensors are more sensitive than other sensors. Owing to their high sensitivity, these sensors have been investigated for measuring minute deformations occurring on the skin, such as pulse.

Solitary kidney and risk of chronic kidney disease.

The renal outcome of solitary kidney remains controversial. We examined the longitudinal association of congenital or acquired solitary kidney with the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). A cohort study was performed involving 271,171 Korean men and women free of CKD at baseline who underwent a health screening program and who were followed annually or biennially for an average of 5.

Sulfisoxazole inhibits the secretion of small extracellular vesicles by targeting the endothelin receptor A.

Inhibitors of the secretion of cancer exosomes, which promote cancer progression and metastasis, may not only accelerate exosome biology research but also offer therapeutic benefits for cancer patients. Here we identify sulfisoxazole (SFX) as an inhibitor of small extracellular vesicles (sEV) secretion from breast cancer cells through interference with endothelin receptor A (ETA). SFX, an FDA-approved oral antibiotic, showed significant anti-tumor and anti-metastatic effects in mouse models of breast cancer xenografts, the reduced expression of proteins involved in biogenesis and secretion of sEV, and triggered co-localization of multivesicular endosomes with lysosomes for degradation.

Life's Simple 7 Cardiovascular Health Metrics and Progression of Coronary Artery Calcium in a Low-Risk Population.

Objective- We examined the association of cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics with the development and progression of coronary artery calcium (CAC) among apparently healthy adults. Approach and Results- This cohort study included 65 494 men and women 30 years of age and older free of cardiovascular disease at baseline who underwent a comprehensive exam including CAC scoring. CVH metrics were defined according to the American Heart Association Life's Simple 7 metrics based on smoking, diet, physical activity, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fasting glucose.